Buchter was traded from the Nationals to the Chicago Cubs for fellow minor leaguer Matt Avery on November 3, 2008. He played for the Peoria Chiefs in the Class-A Midwest League in 2009 and had a 1.33 ERA in 38 games with five saves. The following season, 2010, he had a 7–2 record and a 4.65 ERA in 47 games for the Double-A Tennessee Smokies, which earned him a spot on the Southern League mid-season All-Star team. In 2011, he made 10 appearances for the Smokies and another six for the Daytona Cubs of the Florida State League.
Atlanta Braves
Buchter was then traded from the Cubs to the Atlanta Braves for Rodrigo López on May 26, 2011. He was promptly assigned to the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Carolina League, where he was 2–5 with a 3.59 ERA in 34 games with 15 saves. In 2012, he began the season with the Double-A Mississippi Braves, where he was 3–1 with a 1.31 ERA in 35 games and also had four saves. He was again selected to the mid-season Southern League All-Star team. Afterwards, he was promoted to the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves where he pitched eight innings in nine games with a high 10.12 ERA. He played for the Phoenix Desert Dogs in the Arizona Fall League after the conclusion of the regular season. The Braves added him to their 40-man roster on November 1, 2013 and he was named to the Braves' Opening Day roster for the 2014 season. He was sent back down to Gwinnett a few days later without appearing in a game. Buchter was called back up to Atlanta on June 20, 2014. He made his major league debut that night against the team that drafted him, the Washington Nationals, recording a strikeout and earning the win in an inning of extra inning work. That was his only appearance in the Majors and he spent the rest of the season with Gwinnett, where he pitched in 49 games with a 3.29 ERA. Buchter was outrighted off the Braves roster on September 26, 2014 and became a free agent.
Buchter signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers in January 2015 and received an invitation to spring training. He was assigned to the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers and was selected to the mid-season Pacific Coast League all-star team. In 27 games he had a 1.65 ERA and exercised his opt out clause on July 20 to become a free agent.
Second Stint with Cubs
On July 24, 2015, Buchter signed a minor league deal with the Chicago Cubs. He became a free agent after the season.
Buchter signed a minor league deal with the San Diego Padres on December 8, 2015. On January 8, 2016, Buchter's contract was selected. In his two seasons with the Padres, Buchter owned an ERA of 2.93 with 125 strikeouts in over 100 innings.
On January 29, 2018, the Royals traded Buchter, Brandon Moss, and cash considerations to the Oakland Athletics for Jesse Hahn and Heath Fillmyer. In his first season with Oakland, Buchter posted an ERA of 2.75 in 60 appearances. He struck out 41 batters in innings. Buchter was non-tendered by Oakland on December 2, 2019, and became a free agent.
Los Angeles Angels
On February 17, 2020, Buchter signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Angels, and received an invite to Spring Training. Buchter had his contract selected on March 22, 2020.
