Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kaunas is a Latin archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Lithuania.
It is based in Kaunas, the second-largest city in Lithuania. The archdiocese's motherchurch and cathedral is Kaunas Cathedral Basilica; it is also home to a Minor Basilica in a town of Šiluva, in the region of Samogitia.
History
Predecessor of the diocese was established according to directions from the Council of Constance on October 24, 1417 as the Diocese of Samogitia, with a see in Medininkai. It was the second Catholic diocese in ethnic Lithuanian parts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.On March 25, 1798 it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Wigry. On July 3, 1848 it gained territory from the persisting then Diocese of Vilnius, now Lithuania's other Metropolitan see. On June 9, 1920 it lost territory to the existing Diocese of Riga, while in the next year it gained territory from the persisting Diocese of Sejny.
The Apostolic constitution, issued by Pius XI, intended to structure the diocesan territories in accordance with the actual boundaries of Lithuanian Republic after the Declaration of Independence in 1918. Due to fact, that claimed Lithuanian capital city Vilnius and the eastern parts of the country were seized by Polish troops in 1920 and annexed by Poland in 1922, Kaunas became not only the Temporary capital of Lithuania but also was promoted by Pope Pius XI on April 4, 1926 into the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kaunas, initially with as suffragan sees Vilkaviškis and Telšiai in the new Lithuanian ecclesiastical province. The then diocese of Vilnius was also elevated into a Metropolitan Archbishopric with its ecclesiastical province on temporarily Polish areas.
It enjoyed a Papal Visit from Pope John Paul II in September 1993. On May 28, 1997, parts of the archdiocese have been ceded to the newly founded suffragan Diocese of Šiauliai.
Province
Its ecclesiastical province comprises the Metropolitan's own archbishopric and the following suffragan sees :- Roman Catholic Diocese of Šiauliai
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Telšiai
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Vilkaviškis
Episcopal ordinaries
;Suffragan Bishops of Žemaitija
- Matthias di Trakai, later Bishop of Vilnius
- Mikalojus Trakiškis
- Petras da Leopoli
- Jokūbas Vilnietis
- Baltramiejus Pultuskietis
- Jurgis Vilnietis
- Motiejus Topolietis
- Baltramiejus Svirenkavičius
- Martynas di Samogizia
- Martynas Lintfaras
- Mikalojus Radvila
- Mikalojus Vizgaila
- Vaclovas Virbickis
- Jonas Domanovskis
- Stanislovas Narkuskis
- Viktorinas Virbickis , later Bishop of Luck and Włodzimierz
- Jurgis Petkūnas Petkevičius
- Merkelis Giedraitis
- Mikalojus Pacas , previously Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius & Titular Bishop of Modon
- Stanislovas Kiška
- Abraomas Voina , previously Titular Bishop of Modon & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius ; later Bishop of Vilnius
- Merkelis Elijaševičius Geišas
- Jurgis Tiškevičius , previously Titular Bishop of Modon & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius ; later Bishop of Vilnius
- Petras Parčevskis , previously Bishop of Smolensk
- Aleksandras Kazimieras Sapiega , previously Titular Bishop of Modon & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius ; later Bishop of Vilnius
- Kazimieras Pacas , previously Bishop of Smolensk
- Jonas Jeronimas Krišpinas-Kiršenšteinas , previously Titular Bishop of Martiria & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius
- Jonas Mikalojus Zgierskis , previously Titular Bishop of Martiria & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius and next Bishop of Smolensk
- Povilas Pranciškus Sapiega, Cistercians
- Aleksandras Mikalojus Gorainis , previously Titular Bishop of Tiberias & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius, Bishop of Smolensk
- Juozapas Mykolas Karpis
- Antanas Tiškevičius , previously Titular Bishop of Mennith & Auxiliary Bishop of Kyiv–Černihiv
- Dominykas Lopacinskis
- Bishop Jan Stefan Giedroyć, previously Titular Bishop of Verinopolis & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius, Bishop of Inflanty
- Juozapas Arnulfas Giedraitis , succeeding as former Coadjutor Bishop of Žemaitija
- Apostolic Administrator Simonas Mikalojus Giedraitis , former Titular Bishop of Adramyttium, Auxiliary Bishop of Žemaitija and Coadjutor Bishop of Žemaitija
- Jonas Krizostomas Gintila
- Motiejus Valančius
- Apostolic Administrator Aleksandras Kazimieras Beresnevičius , Titular Bishop of Maximianopolis, former Auxiliary Bishop of Žemaitija ; later Bishop of Kujawy–Kaliska
- Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis
- Gaspar Felicjan Cyrtowt, previously Titular Bishop of Castoria & Auxiliary Bishop of Žemaitija
- Pranciškus Karevičius, Marian Fathers , emeritate as Titular Archbishop of Scythopolis
- Archbishop Juozapas Skvireckas , previously Titular Bishop of Ceramus & Auxiliary Bishop of Kaunas
- Soviet era semi-vacancy : After Archbishop of Kaunas Juozapas Skvireckas left Kaunas with retreating German forces in 1944 into exile, the archdiocese was governed by the following capitular vicars and Apostolic administrators, who experienced continuous restrictions and persecutions of Soviet authorities :
- * ? Stanislovas Jokūbauskis
- * ? Juozapas Stankevičius
- * Juozapas Matulaitis-Labukas
- * Liudvikas Povilonis
- * Juozas Preikšas
- Cardinal Vincentas Sladkevičius, Congregation of Marian Fathers , previously Titular Bishop of Abora, Auxiliary Bishop of Kaišiadorys , Apostolic Administrator of Kaišiadorys ; also President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania ; created Cardinal-Priest of Spirito Santo alla Ferratella
- Archbishop Sigitas Tamkevičius, Society of Jesus , also President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania, Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania, President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania ; previously Titular Bishop of Turuda & Auxiliary Bishop of Kaunas ; as emeritus, became Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Angela Merici 10.05.2019
- Archbishop Lionginas Virbalas, S.J., also Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania ; previously Bishop of Panevėžys
- Archbishop Kęstutis Kėvalas, previously Bishop of Telšiai