RoboMaster
RoboMaster is an annual intercollegiate robot competition held in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, founded and hosted by the drone tech giant DJI. First started in 2015, it is the brainchild of DJI's founder and CEO Frank Wang, and jointly sponsored by the Communist Youth League Central Committee, the All-China Students' Federation and the Shenzhen City Government. It is the first shooting sport-style robotics competition in China.
RoboMaster is one of the four major robotics competitions under the China University Robot Competition banner, along with Robocon, ROBOTAC and the Robot Start-ups Competition. It currently includes four sub-competitions — the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, the RoboMaster Technical Challenge, the ICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge, and the new RoboMaster Youth Tournament.
History
The competition's idea began in 2013 as a small-scale internal competition held inside DJI's headquarter office with a makeshift racecourse, a chance for engineers to blow off steam while still working on technology core to the company business. It later integrated with a summer camp for university students interning at DJI, with only 24 participants, who were tasked to achieve autonomous moving target shooting using computer vision. In 2014, this summer camp grew to 100 students, who were challenged to improve and upgrade prior technical designs via a series of 4-on-4 robot shooting matches. This was the foundation of the later RoboMaster competition.In 2015, DIJ launched its first public robotics competition, called Robomasters at the time. This competition introduced a confrontational 5-on-5 MOBA-style robot combat to the world for the first time, and over 3,000 university students all over Mainland China participated. In 2016, in order to improve the technical quality and competition experience, the organizing committee developed a new-generatiion robot referee system, and required each teams to have 6 units featurng 1 Hero, 3 Standard, 1 Base and 1 Aerial robots in their lineup in the 2nd Robomasters competition. This is also the first year Robomasters included teams from outside Mainland China, with universities from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan participating.
On September 29, 2017, the competition was officially renamed to RoboMaster, upgraded to 7 robots per team, and developed into a competition that demands the comprehensive skills involving all science and engineering disciplines. In addition, RoboMaster also added the Technical Challenge series, and co-hosted with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers the first IRCA AI Challenge in Singapore.
In 2018, the 4th RoboMaster Robotics Competition added extra technical requirements for features such as the loading and launching mechanism requirements for Sentry and Aerial robots, and focused heavily on training practical engineering personnels, attracting nearly 200 global teams. In the same year, DJI held the 2nd ICRA AI Challenge in Australia, focusing on robotics academic research.
In 2019, the RoboMaster competition sports a total prize pool of 3,750,000 RMB, with 500,000 RMB for the winning team. In addition to the prize money, winners can achieve celebrity status among the 6 million fans who watch livestream online, as well as a shot at landing a job at DJI. Over the first two years of the competition, DJI company had hired around 40 engineers out of the tournament. According to DJI's CEO Frank Wang, RoboMaster is his passion project for engineers "to have a stage, a competition, to become loved by lots of people, to show their wisdom, show their precision", and the tournament was designed to "make superstars out of nerdy college students", and in doing so, boost interest in the field of robotic engineering. By sponsoring a popular competition, DJI can also set itself up to be the default industrial platform, as almost every major robotics program at Chinese universities now use DJI's infrastructure.
The 2020 competition has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Competitions
RoboMaster Robotics Competition
The RoboMaster Robotics Competition, also called the RoboMaster FPS Competition in English, is RoboMaster's main event robot combat tournament, reported to be "the world's biggest, most complex and completely over-the-top student robotics competition" by The Verge, and has attracted the interest of hundreds of colleges/universities, nearly 1,000 tech companies/organizations and tens of thousands of robotics enthusiasts around the world. Unlike the Western gladiator-style single/battle royal melee seen in Robot Wars or BattleBots, the RoboMaster battles focus primarily on ranged attacks, featuring two opposing teams of rover-like robotic UGVs engaged in co-op skirmish battles similar to a multiplayer first person shooter video game. The competition is held in an innovative e-sports match presentation aimed to create spectacles for the crowd and make the confrontation more intuitive and intense.The competition is web-streamed live on its official website, and on various video streaming platforms such as Youku Sports, Tencent Video/QQLive and Bilibili, as well as on Twitch for international audiences. In 2019, augmented reality features were added to provide live streaming audience with additional information such as floating health bars for each robot, real-time mini-map and energy/ammo status for drones.
The RoboMaster matches focus on the ability to apply and practise comprehensive knowledges in science and engineering disciplines, and require the participating members to fully integrate robotics disciplines such as machine vision, embedded system, mechanical engineering, inertial navigation and human–computer interaction, etc. The participating teams are required to independently design and build robots with different tactical roles, each remotely controlled by a team member. Automatetarget acquisition are not only allowed but rather encouraged, because the teams that can programme better and faster targeting software are simply proving themselves to be superior engineers and thus should rightfully have a technical advantage over their opponents. Only electric and pneumatic power sources are allowed for the robots, and internal combustion, explosives and hazardous chemicals are banned. Robot weight, dimensions, power output and muzzle velocities are strictly regulated to prevent competitors gaining unfair advantages by merely having access to buy better components.
Mecanum wheels is a ubiquitous feature found on all ground robots, primarily due to the gameplay need for agility and tactical flexibility. Other than the Engineer robot, every competing robot is equipped with a projectile launcher that uses two motor-driven wheels to propel or plastic balls like a squash ball machine. Each robot is also equipped with an armor system with frequency-sensitive pressure sensor plates installed on its chassis, which detect projectile impacts. Impact data are wirelessly uploaded real-time to a centralized referee system, which will register health point deduction suffered by the hit robot. A robot will become offline and deactivated if its HPs are completely depleted, but can be "revived" if a friendly Engineer retrieves it back to the regeneration area at its own Base. All the robots can only carry a limited volume of projectiles, and need to go back to the Base's supply point for reloading periodically. The heavier 42 mm projectiles will register 10 times more damage than the standard 17 mm ones, but can only be collected at an elevated "resource island" in the center of the arena. To discourage weapon spamming, each projectile launched by a robot is regarded to slightly "heat up" its gun, and prolonged shooting will "overheat" and cause health damage to itself. If a robot occupies a designated defensive position on the field known as "Outpost", it will receive a cover bonus that halves the damage suffered and a "cooling" bonus that triples its recovery rate from weapon "heating". During the match, the robots that survive longer and score more effective hits can also accumulate experience points and achieve leveling-ups to further increase its combat power. The robots can also complete on-field tasks — typically by shooting a spinning electronic targets known as the Power Rune — and activate various minute-long power-ups to give its own team tactical advantages.
Accidental collision of the sensor plate with other objects will result in a slight HP deduction, but ramming is considered an illegal attack. Deliberate entanglement, restraining or obstruction of an opponent robot's movements and reloading procedures is also considered foul play, and perpentrator will be penalized. Depends on the severity of the offense, the penalty can vary from direct verbal warning by referees in the control room, the team's control interface being blacked out for 3 seconds, HP deduction, dismissal of the perpentrator, or even forfeiting the game.
The RoboMaster robots come in the following tactical types:
- Hero Robot — Heavy unit, only 1 per team, launches 42 mm projectiles that cause 100 HPs of damage to opponents with each hit, but relies on the Engineer to acquire and supply ammunition.
- Engineer Robot — Optional support unit, only 1 per team, has no offensive weaponry but has a large health pool and can regenerate its own HPs over time, can harvest 42 mm ammunitions from the resource island and deliver them to the Hero, and retrieves destroyed teammates for revival.
- Standard Robot — Light unit also known as Infantry, 2-3 per team, launches 17 mm projectiles that causes 10 HPs of damage with each hit, and can complete on-field tasks that activate power-ups for the team.
- Aerial Robot — Multicopter unit, only 1 per team, can provide teammates with bird's-eye view information of the entire battlefield or shoot at enemies from the air, carries 500 rounds of 17 mm projectiles but needs to be fully charged on the Base helipad before flying in attack mode.
- Sentry Robot — Fully automated Base defense sentry gun, only 1 per team, moves along an elevated rail to shoot and repel invading enemies with 17 mm projectiles.
When a team manages to destroy the enemy base, they capture the flag and achieves a sudden death victory. If neither team manages to destroy the enemy Base at the end of the round, the team with the highest remaining Base HP wins. If both Base HPs are the same, then the team that inflicted on the opponents higher overall HP damages wins. If the Base HPs and inflicted damages are the same, then the team with the higher overall remaining HPs wins. If everything is the same, then the match is considered a draw. In the elimination stage, where there must be a clear winner for match, an overtime tiebreaker round will be played if needed.
Tournament format
The competition takes place in two stages — the preliminary regional stage and the final stage.In the regional stage, the tournament uses a round-robin format like a soccer league, held at the campus of a nominated university in each group region. Each match consists of two 7-minute skirmish games with 3 points rewarded for winning both games, 1 point for winning just one game, or 0 points for failing to win either game. The university teams from Mainland China are categorized into three regional groups — "North", "Central" and "South", and the top 8 teams from each group will automatically qualify for the next stage. The next 4 teams from each Mainland group will have to compete in a 12-team "revival stage" to produce 4 extra wildcard qualifiers. Teams outside Mainland China are categorized as one "International" group, and will also go round-robin to produce the 4 qualifying teams. The regional stage will produce a total of 32 playoff teams to advance to the final stage.
The final stage is held annually in the Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre as five rounds of single-elimination tournament, where a best-of-three or a best-of-five format applies.
Winners
RoboMaster Technical Challenge
The RoboMaster Technical Challenge is derived from and is held concurrently with the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, but focuses on academic research in specific fields of robotics, and aims to encourage in-depth exploration of technology, cultivate cutting-edge robotics and motivate participants to subspecialize. It tests the efficiency, quality and time consumption by the robots to complete single specified tasks required from the actual robot combat matches. Teams can choose to participate in one or more challenges such as "Hero ranged shooting", "Engineer scaling island for ammo", "Infantry speed shooting" and "Infantry confrontation".ICRA AI Challenge
The ICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge is jointly hosted by DJI and the International Conference on Robotics and Automation, and organized by RoboMaster Organizing Committee in conjunction with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The competition adopts the form of “autonomous robot shooting confrontation”, in a venue that full of functional booby traps. The participating teams need to use the official robot platform to conduct motion planning and control, by letting the robots independently sensing the environmental information and making decisions regarding the situations on the field, launch projectiles at their opponents. At the end of the game, the team with the highest remaining hit points win.The competition is held in a different country every year to further expand its influence in the field of international robotics, attracting a large number of top universities and research institutions from around the world to participate. The annual robotics challenge was previously held in Singapore, Brisbane, Montreal.
RoboMaster Youth Tournament
Following the successful 5-year run of the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, the RoboMaster Youth Tournament, a brand-new competition targeted at underage participants, was launched by DJI in early 2020. A simplified form of the main Robotics Competition, the Youth Tournament involves teams of primary/secondary school students divided into two categories: Junior and Senior. The early concept for the 2020 season include two commercial RoboMaster S1 educational robots, one RoboMaster EP robot and one Ryze Tello EDU mini-drone. The opposing teams will engage in 4-on-4 tactical shooting battles with their self-developed/modified robots, as well as completing multiple on-field tasks such as projectile reloading by the Engineer, automated target recognition, line-tracking and power rune activation by the Standards, and breaching base armors by the Aerial. If the bases of both teams are still surviving after the end of the match, the team with the highest remaining base HP will be the winner.The Youth Tournament focuses on building the theoretical engineering knowledge and AI application skills among STEM-talented youths, and helping them progress from grasping robotic basics and simple programming to mastering AI and robot control theory. Its competitive format is a test of the participants’ adaptability, troubleshooting and problem-solving skills, as well as the participants’ teamwork and sense of responsibility.
Promotional product
RoboMaster S1
The DJI RoboMaster S1 is an "intelligent educational robot" unveiled by DJI on June 11, 2019 as the first product from the RoboMaster series of consumer ground drone, aimed at introducing robotics to young children. Heavily promoted during the 2019 RoboMaster Robotics Competition, it has become an unofficial mascot of the competition.The S1 is a chibi tank-like rover remotely controlled via Wi-Fi and app on Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS and Google Android mobile devices, with features such as spring-dampened beam axle front suspension, four omnidirectional 12-roller Mecanum wheels that allow agile strafing, a 1080p FVP camera mounted within a 2-axis gimbal turret "head", and the ability to "fight" other S1 units via either an infrared beam illuminator or a coaxial gel blaster gun, which register hit points for match scoring.
Out of the box, the user has to assemble the S1 from loose parts and program its AI functionality to complete custom tasks. Both Scratch and Python are employed by DJI along with software modules to help the end users learning coding.
RoboMaster EP
The DJI RoboMaster EP is the second educational robot from the RoboMaster line, officially released on March 9, 2020, although it was first anonymously teased in a RoboMaster S1 commercial on YouTube dated on November 25, 2019.The EP shares similar chassis and Mecanum wheel designs with the S1, is compatible with multi-party hardware, supports multiple software platforms and has an open SDK. The new hardwares include high-performance servos, robotic arms, grippers, infrared depths sensors, sensor transfer, modules and power transfer modules, as well as more than 50 programmable modules. The steering gear of the RoboMaster EP can be customized through a programming interface. The EP supports more than 20 third-party sensors and open-source hardware such as Micro Bit, Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
Media
Reality show
In 2017, DJI produced a 6-episode reality television web series called 《超能理工派》 in collaboration with Hunan TV. The show aired on iQiyi, Youku and Bilibili at 20:30 UTC+8 every Friday from March 23 to April 27.The show was shot from August 13–26 in Dapeng New District, and features a science contest between a "Champions" team and an "Avengers" team, with each episode featuring 5 rounds of technical challenges. In each round of contest, the competitors are required to decrypt messages to acquire and complete tasks, and the winners will obtain perks for the subsequent robot battle. In the first 3 rounds, the loser from the battle will have a team member eliminated, whom would be substituted by a random newcomer assigned by the showrunners.
Anime
Robomasters: The Animated Series is a 6-episode Chinese/Japanese co-production anime miniseries directed by Yasutaka Yamamoto, Masayuki Sakoi and Katsuyuki Kodera, produced by DJI and features animation by DandeLion Animation Studio LLC and GONZO as well as score by Yoshihiro Ike. It aired on WOWOW from October 13 to November 17, 2017.The plot follows Fang Dandan, a geeky college freshman who is determined to make his twin-tiltrotor drone KAKA the greatest robot in the world. However, on the first day he accidentally hit a girl in the head with a frisbee when testing autonomous fetch. Impressed by KAKA's design, the girl invites him to join her club — the Clear Water Bay Studio, an understaffed breakaway robotics group headed by the uptight mechatronics genius Zheng Zhun, who wanted to beat out his old varsity team for the Robomasters competition. Despite Dandan's repulsion towards Robomasters due to bad childhood memories, he finds it hard to resist the temptation...