Robert M. Mayo enlisted in the Confederate States Army as a major on May 18, 1861 and helped organize the 47th Virginia Infantry the next month with Col. George William Richardson. The unit was initially based at Stafford and assigned to protect the shores of the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers near most members' homes, but was told to withdraw in March 1862 before an expected advance of Union troops under General George McClellan. Mayo was elected the unit's colonel on May 1, 1862, and was wounded in the arm at Seven Pines opposing the Union Peninsular campaign. He was later convicted at a court martial on September 10, 1863 for drunkenness and sentenced to be reduced in rank, but ended up serving throughout the Civil War. He received his parole at Ashland on April 27, 1865. His elder brother Joseph Campbell Mayo, who graduated in VMI's class of 1852, held similar positions with the 3rd Virginia Infantry. J.C. Mayo was wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg, and after the war practiced law in Richmond and became the Treasurer of Virginia in 1872, before returning home to Westmoreland County and becoming its Commonwealth's Attorney, and eventually dying at his mansion "Auburn" in 1898.
Career
R. M. Mayo Jr. was admitted to the bar and after the war returned to his legal practice in Westmoreland County and neighboring areas. He opened his office in Westmoreland County's seat, Hague in 1865. Westmoreland County voters elected R. M. Mayo their Commonwealth's attorney. In 1881 voters in Northumberland and Westmoreland Counties elected Mayo to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he succeeded S. B. Burgess. In the election of 1882, Mayo ran for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Virginia's first district. The vote was close—he was first declared the loser, then the winner and then the loser again. Incumbent Democrat George T. Garrison of Accomack County according to the initial tally won 70 more votes than challenger Mayo. The Readjuster-controlled State Board of Canvassers then threw out the votes of Gloucester County and Hog Island. Thus Mayo led by a single vote: 10,505–10,504. Mayo was seated and served from March 4, 1883 until March 20, 1884. However, Garrison refused to concede, and the House Committee of Elections then chose to accept the Gloucester County and Hog Island ballots, so the House voted unanimously to seat Garrison halfway through the term. Mayo then returned to Virginia's Northern Neck and resumed his legal practice. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to Congress in 1884, but again won election to the House of Delegates in 1885 and 1887.
Family life
Robert M. Mayo Jr. married Lucy Claybrook on December 3, 1867 in Westmoreland County. His wife was the daughter of Richard Claybrook and his wife Charlotte Brown Claybrook. They had daughters Nellie Mayo and Charlotte Brown Mayo Johnson and sons Richard Claybrook Mayo and Archibald Campbell Mayo. In 1880 the household also included his father Judge Mayo and his younger brother farmer Philip Mayo, as well as household servants.
