Riki Wilchins
Riki Anne Wilchins is an American activist whose work has focused on the impact of gender norms.
Background
Wilchins founded the first national transgender advocacy group. Her analysis and work broadened over time to include discrimination and violence regardless of individuals' identity. While this perspective has been widely accepted, its breadth has provoked criticism by some in the transgender community. Wilchins' work and writing have often focused on youth, whom she not only sees as uniquely vulnerable to the gender system's pressures and harm, but whom she sees as capable of "looking with fresh eyes." Wilchins' work has been instrumental in bringing transgender rights into the mainstream LGBT movement, and has helped bring awareness of the impact of gender norms to a wider audience, and she is credited with coining the term "genderqueer." Wilchins' early activism with the "Hermaphrodites With Attitude!" protest group and intersex leader Cheryl Chase led to the founding of Intersex Awareness Day. In 2001, Wilchins' work resulted in her being selected one of just six community activists named by TIME Magazine among its "100 Civic Innovators for the 21st Century." A founding member of Camp Trans, since the mid-1990s Wilchins has been highly active in founding a number of organizations and events focused on gender issues, including:- The Menace, the first large direct action group for transgender rights, which was modeled along the lines of Queer Nation and which at one point boasted representatives in 40+ cities.
- a 1996 demonstration held with members of Intersex Society of North America, now marked as Intersex Awareness Day.
- NYC Gay Community Center Gender Identity Project.
- NYC Gay Community Center Transgender Health Empowerment Conference, an annual event.
- Camp Trans, an annual educational event outside the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival that contested the exclusion of anyone who was not deemed a "womyn-born womyn".
- National Coalition for Sexual Freedom
- National Gender Lobby Day, an annual event on Capitol Hill.
GenderPAC
While GenderPAC's Executive Director, Wilchins helped dozens of corporations as diverse as IBM, JP Morgan Chase, and Citigroup, as well as major funders like the Arcus and Gill Foundations to expand their employment non-discrimination policies to include gender identity and gender expression. GenderPAC's Congressional Non-Discrimination Pledge eventually had almost 200 sponsors, including both Republicans and US Senators. She helped compile and publish the GENIUS Index, which rated and ranked schools' adoption of gender identity protections. During her watch, GenderPAC also launched the GenderYOUTH Network, which eventually supported student groups at 100+ schools in creating safer and friendlier environments for those who were gender non-conforming on their own campuses.
1st National Survey of TransViolence
In 1995, with help from researcher Emilia Lombardi, GenderPAC compiled and published the "1st National Survey of TransViolence," based on surveys provided by more than 500 respondents.In 2006, in partnership with Global Rights, GenderPAC researched and published "50 Under 30: Masculinity & the War on America's Youth," the first human rights report to document an under-reported tide of violence that had claimed the lives of more than 50 young people aged 30 and under attacked because of their gender identity or gender expression from 1994-2004. With a fresh round of attacks, the report was reissued just two years later as "70 Under 30." More than 80 groups endorsed the reports' recommendations, including the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, National Organization for Women, National Council of La Raza, Interfaith Alliance, and the Human Rights Campaign. The report was used by the House Sub-Committee which marked up the Matthew Shepard Hate Crime Act.
Wilchins received her bachelor's degree from Cleveland State University in 1982 and her masters in clinical psychology from the New School for Social Research in 1983. She then founded Data Tree Inc., a computer consulting company specializing in banking and brokerage on Wall Street. Wilchins is an out transsexual lesbian feminist.
Essays and articles
Wilchins' writings have appeared in:- Contemporary Debates in the Sociology of Education, Rachel Brooks, Kalwant Bhopal, Mark McCormac. Palgrave Macmillan, 1994.
- The Encyclopedia of Identity, Ronald L. Jackson. SAGE Publications, 2010.
- ""Feminist Frontiers"", Verta Taylor, Leila Rupp, Nancy Whittier. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008.
- ""Gender Violence : Interdisciplinary Perspectives"", Laura L. O'Toole, Jessica R. Schiffman, Margie L. Kiter Edwards. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004.
- The Meaning of Difference : American Constructions of Race, Sex and Gender, Social Class, Sexual Orientation, and Disability : a Text/Reader, Karen E. Rosenblum and Toni-Michelle C. Travis, editors, McGraw-Hill.
- Negotiating Ethical Challenges in Youth Research, Kitty te Riele, Rachel Brooks. Routledge,2013.
- Out at Work : Building a Gay-Labor Alliance, Kitty Krupat, Patrick McCreery, editors. University of Minnesota Press, c2001.
- PoMoSexuals : Challenging Assumptions About Gender and Sexuality, edited by Carol Queen and Lawrence Schimel, Cleis Press, c1997.
- Trans Bodies, Trans Selves : A Resource for the Transgender Community, Laura Eriskson-Schroth, editor. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Women on Women 3 : An Anthology of American Lesbian Short Fiction, edited by Joan Nestle and Naomi Holoch. Plume, 1996.
Peer-Reviewed Research
- Transgender experiences with violence and discrimination, Lombardi, E.L., Wilchins, R., Priesing, D. Malouf, D.. Journal of Homosexuality. 1, March, 2002, 89-101
- One percent on the burn chart: Gender, genitals, and hermaphrodites with attitude, David Valentine, Riki Wilchins. Social Text. 52/53, 1997, 215-222
- The Moderating Effects of Support for Violence Beliefs on Masculine Norms, Aggression, and Homophobic Behavior During Adolescence, Paul Poteat, Michael Kimmel, Riki Wilchins. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 434-447
Books
- Read My Lips: Sexual Subversion & the End of Gender, Firebrand Books, 1997
- GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary, with Joan Nestle and Clair Howell Co-Editors, Alyson Books, 2002.
- Queer Theory/Gender Theory: an Instant Primer, Alyson Books, 2004.
- TRANS/gressive: How Transgender Activists Took on Gay Rights, Feminism, the Media & Congress… and Won!, Riverdale Avenue Books, 2017.
- Burn the Binary! -- Selected Writings on Living Trans, Genderqueer & Nonbinary, Riverdale Avenue Books, Oct, 2017.
- Gender Norms & Intersectionality: Connecting Race, Class & Gender, Rowman & Littlefield, Mar, 2019.
Citations