Rail transport in South Africa is an important element of the country's transport infrastructure. All major cities are connected by rail, and South Africa's railway system is the most highly developed in Africa. The South African rail industry is publicly owned.
History
The first track for steam-powered locomotives was a line of about by the Natal Railway Company, linking the town of Durban with Harbour Point, opened on 26 June 1860. Cape Town had already started building a line, track gauge, linking Cape Town to Wellington in 1859 but was hampered by delays and could only open the first section of the line to the Eerste River on 13 February 1862. However Cape railway construction began a massive expansion, after the formation in 1872 of the Cape Government Railways. In the north, in the independent South African Republic, railway construction was done by the Netherlands-South African Railway Company, which constructed two major lines: one from Pretoria to Lourenço Marques in Portuguese East Africa Colony, and a shorter line connecting Pretoria to Johannesburg. A national "link-up" was established in 1898, creating a national transport network. This national network was largely completed by 1910. Though railway lines were also being extended outside of South Africa, as far north as Northern Rhodesia, the vision of Cecil John Rhodes, to have a rail system that would run from the "Cape to Cairo", would never materialise. Upon the merger of four provinces to establish the modern state of South Africa in 1910, the railway lines across the country were also merged. South African Railways and Harbours was the government agency responsible for, amongst other things, the country's rail system. Electrification of the railways began in the 1920s with the building of the Colenso Power Station for the Glencoe to Pietermaritzburg route and the introduction of the South African Class 1E. During the 1980s, the transport industry was reorganised. Instead of being a direct government agency, it was modelled along business lines into a government-owned corporation called Transnet. Transnet Freight Rail is the division of Transnet that runs the rail system. Though there are no plans to end government-ownership of the national rail network, some small portions of the rail system have recently been privatised.
Network
Transnet became famous for its luxury rail lines, most notably the Blue Train, which runs from Cape Town to Pretoria. The Blue Train has frequently been named the best luxury train line in the world, and the run is a popular tourist attraction for South Africa. With the increasing coverage provided by the nation's highway system, long-distance passenger travel has declined in South Africa. While many commuters still use rail for their daily commute, nationally, only half of the nation's of track is being fully utilised, and some 35% of the nation's track carries no activity or very low activity. Accordingly, Transnet is moving towards an emphasis on freight, rather than passengers, to keep the rail system profitable. For a look at the South African transport network, including the railways, view this . A high-speed rail link has been proposed, between Johannesburg and Durban.
Maps
Specifications
Nearly all railways in South Africa use a Cape gauge track. This was selected in the 19th century to reduce the cost of building track across and through the mountains found in several parts of the country. The Gautrainrapid transit railway uses . During the late 19th century and the early 20th century numerous 2-foot narrow gauge railways were constructed. South African trains connect through the AAR coupler, developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century. Remarkably, though South Africa has long been ahead of Europe in coupling systems, it has lagged behind most of the world in its braking system; most trains in South Africa continue to use vacuum braking. However, the conversion to air brakes has finally commenced. Between 50% to 80% of the rail lines in South Africa are electrified. Different voltages are used for different types of trains. Most electrified trains run 3000 V DC ; this is used primarily for commuter lines, and has been in use since the 1920s. During the 1980s, higher voltages have been used for heavy duty lines primarily used for the transport of iron ore.
Rolling stock
South Africa uses a variety of rolling stock from a number of manufacturers. In 1957 Union Carriage & Wagon was founded in Nigel for local production of rolling stock.
Accidents and incidents
19 February 1896, a freight train loaded with eight trucks of dynamite was struck by a shunter while unloading. The resulting Braamfontein Explosion was one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in history, killing more than 70 people, and injuring over 200.
13 November 2006, Faure level crossing accident, 19 people were killed at a level crossing near Somerset West when a metrorail train collided with a truck carrying farm workers.
25 August 2010, Blackheath level crossing accident, 10 children died as a result of a level crossing crash between a Metrorail commuter train and a minibus taxi.
