RSA BSAFE
RSA BSAFE is a FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography library, available in both C and Java, offered by RSA Security. It was one of the most common ones before the RSA patent expired in September 2000. It also contained implementations of the RCx ciphers, with the most common one being RC4. From 2004 to 2013 the default random number generator in the library was a NIST-approved RNG standard, widely known to be insecure from at least 2006, withdrawn in 2014, suspected to contain an alleged kleptographic backdoor from the American National Security Agency, as part of its secret Bullrun program.
SSL-C
The SSL-C library is an SSL toolkit in the BSAFE suite. It was originally written by Eric A. Young and Tim J. Hudson, as a fork of the open library SSLeay, that they developed prior to joining RSA. Like SSLeay, SSL-C supported SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1; while it also supports X.509v1 and X.509v3. SSL-C was first released in 1999. The algorithm was one of several available in the libraries that users were able to choose from.SSL-C reached End Of Life in December 2016.
Cert-J
Cert-J is a Public Key Infrastructure API software library, written in Java. It contains the cryptographic support necessary to generate certificate requests, create and sign digital certificates, and create and distribute certificate revocation lists. Cert-J is built on the RSA BSAFE Crypto-J cryptographic engine.Cert-J supports multiple PKCS standards such as PKCS #7, #8, #11, #12 as well as X.509 and CMP.
As of Cert-J 6.2.4, the entire API has been deprecated in favor of similar functionality provided BSAFE Crypto-J JCE API.
Crypto-C Micro Edition
RSA BSAFE Crypto-C Micro Edition was initially released in June 2001 under the name "RSA BSAFE Wireless Core 1.0". The initial release targeted Microsoft Windows, EPOC, Linux, Solaris and Palm OS.The initial features provided RSA key generation, encryption and decryption, and signing and verification; MultiPrime technology for fast RSA decryption and signing operations; DSA key and parameter generation, signing and verification; Diffie-Hellman parameter generation and key exchange; Symmetric encryption and decryption in ECB, CBC, CFB and OFB modes for DES, 3DES-EDE, AES, RC2, RC5 and RC6; Encryption and decryption using the RC4 variable key length stream cipher; MD2, MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2 message digest generation; Pseudo-random number generation; HMAC generation.
The toolkit was then renamed "RSA BSAFE Crypto-C Micro Edition" with the release of version 1.6 in February 2002.
In August 2005, with the release of Crypto-C ME 2.0, Elliptic-curve cryptography was added to the toolkit, along with other algorithms.
Micro Edition Suite
BSAFE Micro Edition Suite is an SDK in C that allows adding TLS, PKI, and cryptography capabilities such as CMS in applications, devices, and systems.BSAFE Micro Edition Suite was initially announced in February 2002 as a combined offering of BSAFE SSL-C Micro Edition, BSAFE Cert-C Micro Edition and BSAFE Crypto-C Micro Edition.
Both SSL-C Micro Edition and Cert-C Micro Edition reached EOL in September 2014, while Micro Edition Suite remains supported with Crypto-C Micro Edition as its FIPS-validated cryptographic provider.
Crypto-J
In 1997, RSA Data Security licensed Baltimore Technologies' J/CRYPTO Java encryption library, with plans to integrate it as part of its new JSAFE encryption toolkit and released the first version of JSAFE the same year. JSAFE 1.0 was featured in the January 1998 edition of Byte magazine. JSAFE 1.1 was then released in February 1998, being the first release to support native code by calling into BSAFE C cryptographic toolkit.Crypto-J, providing both a proprietary API as well as a JCE API, is now the cryptographic provider for BSAFE SSL-J.
SSL-J
SSL-J is a Java toolkit providing both a proprietary and a JSSE API allowing Java applications to implement TLS. SSL-J was released as part of RSA JSAFE initial product offering in 1997. In November 2001, SSL-J 4.0 added support for JSSE API. Since that version both the SSLJ API and JSSE API have been available to use.Starting with SSL-J 6.2.4, the RSA-proprietary JSAFE API has been deprecated in favor of JSSE.
Crypto-J is the default cryptographic provider of SSL-J.
Cryptography backdoors
Dual_EC_DRBG random number generator
From 2004 to 2013, the default cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator in BSAFE was Dual_EC_DRBG, which contained an alleged backdoor from NSA, in addition to being a biased and slow CSPRNG. The cryptographic community had been aware that Dual_EC_DRBG was a very poor CSPRNG since shortly after the specification was posted in 2005, and by 2007 it had become apparent that the CSPRNG seemed to be designed to contain a hidden backdoor for NSA, usable only by NSA via a secret key. In 2007, Bruce Schneier described the backdoor as "too obvious to trick anyone to use it." The backdoor was confirmed in the Snowden leaks in 2013, and it was insinuated that NSA had paid RSA Security US$10 million to use Dual_EC_DRBG by default in 2004, though RSA Security denied that they knew about the backdoor in 2004. The Reuters article which revealed the secret $10 million contract to use Dual_EC_DRBG described the deal as "handled by business leaders rather than pure technologists". RSA Security has largely declined to explain their choice to continue using Dual_EC_DRBG even after the defects and potential backdoor were discovered in 2006 and 2007, and has denied knowingly inserting the backdoor.As a cryptographically secure random number generator is often the basis of cryptography, much data encrypted with BSAFE was not secure against NSA. Specifically it has been shown that the backdoor makes SSL/TLS completely breakable by the party having the private key to the backdoor. Since the US government and US companies have also used the vulnerable BSAFE, NSA can potentially have made US data less safe, if NSA's secret key to the backdoor had been stolen. It is also possible to derive the secret key by solving a single instance of the algorithm's elliptic curve problem.
Extended Random TLS extension
"Extended Random" was a proposed extension for the Transport Layer Security protocol, submitted for standardization to IETF by an NSA employee, although it never became a standard. The extension would otherwise be harmless, but together with the Dual_EC_DRBG, it would make it easier to take advantage of the backdoor.The extension was previously not known to be enabled in any implementations, but in December 2017, it was found enabled on some Canon printer models, which use the RSA BSAFE library, because the extension number conflicted a part of TLS version 1.3.