After leaving Oxford, Edelman returned to the U.S. to accept a role in the State Department as a Foreign Affairs Analyst for Northeast Asia. He later moved to the State Department’s Office of Cyber Affairs, where his focus shifted to American diplomacy around internet issues, and the international legal aspects of cyberspace. In that role, he became the United States’ primary negotiator at the United Nations for internet matters.
In December, 2010 Edelman joined President Obama’s National Security Council staff as the first Director for International Cyber Policy, where he was called “chief cyber diplomat” for his work in the space. At that time, he was the youngest-ever Director appointed to the NSC. On the NSC, Edelman was the primary author of the United States International Strategy for Cyberspace, and oversaw the 2013 addition of cybersecurity issues to the topics discussed on the Moscow-Washington hotline – colloquially, the “red phone”. He also coordinated the addition of cyber issues to the US-India dialogue in 2011, following nearly a decade of silence on the subject between those nations. In 2012 Edelman became Senior Advisor for Internet, Innovation, and Privacy at the White House’s Office of Science & Technology Policy. There, he pursued several initiatives, including the creation of President Obama’s ConnectED program to provide K-12 classrooms with $10 billion in technology upgrades through public-private partnership. He also led the White House task force on High-Tech Patent Issues; the Administration’s effort to lift restrictions on cellphone unlocking; and the 2013 White House report, “Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values”. In 2014 he was promoted to Special Assistant to the President for Economic & Technology Policy. In that role he managed the United States National Economic Council team responsible for a range of issues including innovation and technology trade, competition and antitrust, broadband/telecom, consumer cybersecurity, data privacy, and intellectual property. He was most recently involved in the Administration’s policies on autonomous/connected vehicles; the EU-US Privacy Shield trade agreement; and 5G spectrum policy.
Post-Obama administration
In February 2017, Edelman was appointed to the Board of Trustees of both the Newseum and the Newseum Institute. In March 2017, he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Internet Policy Research Initiative to direct its Project on Technology, the Economy, and National Security.