Quad Data Rate SRAM


Quad Data Rate SRAM is a type of static RAM computer memory that can transfer up to four words of data in each clock cycle. Like Double Data-Rate SDRAM, QDR SRAM transfers data on both rising and falling edges of the clock signal. The main purpose of this capability is to enable reads and writes to occur at high clock frequencies without the loss of bandwidth due to bus-turnaround cycles incurred in DDR SRAM. QDR SRAM uses two clocks, one for read data and one for write data and has separate read and write data buses, whereas DDR SRAM uses a single clock and has a single common data bus used for both reads and writes. This helps to eliminate problems caused by the propagation delay of the clock wiring, and allows the illusion of concurrent reads and writes.
When all data I/O signals are accounted, QDR SRAM is not 2x faster than DDR SRAM but is 100% efficient when reads and writes are interleaved. In contrast, DDR SRAM is most efficient when only one request type is continually repeated, e.g. only read cycles. When write cycles are interleaved with read cycles, one or more cycles are lost for bus turnaround to avoid data contention, hence bus efficiency is reduced. Most SRAM manufacturers constructed QDR and DDR SRAM using the same physical silicon, differentiated by a post-manufacturing selection.
QDR SRAM was designed for high-speed communications and networking applications, where data throughput is more important than cost, power efficiency or density. The technology was created by Micron and Cypress, later followed by IDT, then NEC, Samsung and Renesas. Quad Data Rate II+ Memory is currently being designed by Cypress Semiconductor for Radiation Hardened Environments.

I/O

Clock inputs

4 clock lines:
Two control lines:
One address bus and two data buses: