and Katakana to Polivanov cyrillization correspondence table, for single/modified kana. Syllabic n is spelled м before b, p, m, and spelled нъ before ya, yu, yo. Grammar particles は and へ are written ва and э. Syllable を is written either во or о depending on pronunciation.
Diphthongs
It is permitted to use й instead of и in Chinese diphthongs ai and ei.
Geminate consonants
Consonants are geminated exactly as they are in romaji: e.g. -kk- > -кк-.
Long vowels may be marked by macron as in Hepburn, but since letter ё has a diacritical mark already it is permitted and much more common to mark long vowels by using a colon. The sequence ei may be written э:, эй or эи. In regular texts long vowels are usually unmarked.
In English texts, Japanese names are written with the Hepburn system. Attempts may be made to transcribe these as if they were English, rather than following a dedicated Japanese Cyrillization scheme. A common example of this is attempting to transcribe shi as ши and ji as джи. This is inadvisable for use in Russian, because ши is actually pronounced like шы in Russian, and джи like джы, thus making the vowel closer to Japanese than to Japanese. Whereas, щи would have a correct vowel sound, but be pronounced more like Japanese sshi. Equally often, people transcribe cha, chi, chu, cho as ча, чи, чу, чо. This is phonetically correct, but does not conform with the Polivanov scheme, which more closely resembles the Kunrei-siki romanisations for these particular characters. Sometimes е, rather than э, is used for e, despite е being pronounced ye in Russian. This is typically not done in the initial position, despite older romanisations such as "Yedo" doing so. In any case, it does not conform with the Polivanov scheme, although it is seen as more acceptable for words that are in general use. Replacing ё with е is incorrect, however, as it will change the Japanese word too much. The sound yo, when in the initial position or after a vowel, is often written as йо, which has the same pronunciation: Ёкосука -> Йокосука, Тоёта -> Тойота. Although, the spelling "йо" is not common in Russian words, these are more generally accepted for Japanese names than the transliterations using "ё". "Ё" is not often used in Japanese Cyrillization due to its facultative use in the Russian language, but professional translators use ё mandatory. Some personal names beginning with "Yo" are written using "Ё".
Exceptions
Some proper names, for historical reasons, do not follow the above rules. Those include but are not limited to:
