The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir Site was discovered and collected over a five-year period by Ralph and Ruth Phillips, husband and wife. No excavations have been conducted at the site and all specimens are reported as being recovered during surface collection.
Artifacts
The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage is dominated by James Allen projectile points although two specimens resembling the Goshen/Plainview type were also recovered. Despite the presence of parallel-oblique flaking, some of the points reflect morphological variability that does not allow a quick assignment to the James Allen category. Wiesend and Frisonrefer to these points as falling within the “grey area” of the James Allen type classification. Despite variations among the 30 specimens, metric analyses showed that the specimens were indeed of the James Allen and Goshen/Plainview types. The single publication on the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage reports 28 projectile points of the James Allen variety and 2 projectile points of the Goshen/Plainview variety. Currently, there is no information about other recovered tool forms or debitage from the site. Relative dates for both categories have been established using radiocarbon dates from sites with similar assemblages from Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Montana, and elsewhere. These dates are 9350 – 7900 radiocarbon years for Jimmy Allen and 11,000 radiocarbon years for Goshen/Plainview. No faunal remains have been reported for this site.
Historical significance
The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site provides archaeologists with the opportunity to assess the extent to which James Allen groups were utilizing mountain settings during the early Holocene period. When compared to other, similar sites in Colorado, the frequency of points in the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage is most similar to assemblages from large, communal bison kills in the eastern portions of the state. The absence of evidence for a bison kill site and the low occurrence of impact fractures on points raises questions about the nature of the collection. The presence of bend breaks indicates the site may have acted as some sort of temporary camp. The additional presence of Goshen/Plainview points at the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir is important as it indicates that the site was either multi-component, that individuals were finding and reusing older projectile points, or that the Goshen/Plainview form may have continued or been adopted by flintknappers of later periods.
