People's Revolutionary Party Incident


The People's Revolutionary Party Incidents were legal cases in which the South Korean government accused individuals of socialist inclinations according to the Anti-communism Law in 1965 and National Security Law in 1975.
On December 27, 2005, the appeal to this case was accepted and on January 23, 2007 the District Court of Central Seoul found the defendants not guilty in regards to the accused violations of the Emergency Presidential Acts, National Security Act, preparation and conspiracy of civil war, and the Anti-communism law.

The first incident

The first incident occurred on August 14, 1965. The Korean Central Intelligence Agency claimed Do Ye-jong, Yang Choon-woo, Park Hyun-chae and ten other individuals organized the People's Revolutionary Party. According to the NIS, this was "an organization attempting to overthrow the Republic of Korea according to North Korean programs" that "tried to recruit more people from various backgrounds to expand the party structure." Do, Yang and Park and other six were sentenced to six years imprisonment, while the others were sentenced to a year of imprisonment and three years probation.

The second incident

The second incident, also known as the "Committee for Re-establishment of the People's Revolutionary Party Incident" in South Korea, took place on April 9, 1975. In December, 1972, the Park Chung-Hee government launched the "Yushin-system": an anti-constitutional system in favor of Park's autocracy named after the Meiji Restoration of Japan. Also, the abduction of Kim Dae-jung, a leading politician of the opposing party added to the anger of South Korean people caused by the Yushin system. From October, 1973, demonstrations against the Park government gained strength.
Meanwhile, on April 3, 1974, President Park announced the existence of an extreme socialist group: the "People's Revolutionary Party", and prohibited all activities related to the party.
As demonstrations increased against the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee, the NIS arrested 1024 individuals without warrant, including Do Yejong on April 25, 1974 under the National Security Law. 253 of them were imprisoned. On April 9, 1975, the Supreme Court of South Korea sentenced to death Do Yejong, Yeo Jeongnam, Kim Yongwon, Lee Subyeong, Ha Jaewan, Seo Dowon, Song Sangjin, and Woo Hongseon. Only 18 hours after the announcement of the death penalty, the government executed the eight individuals:
English nameKorean nameChinese nameAge
Do Ye-jong도예종都禮鐘52
Yeo Jeong-nam여정남呂正男32
Kim Yong-won김용원金鏞元41
Lee Soo-byeong이수병李銖秉40
Ha Jae-wan하재완河在完44
Seo Do-won서도원徐道源53
Song Sang-jin송상진宋相振48
Woo Hong-seon우홍선禹洪善46

Revision

In 2002, an investigatory commission found the charges pressed against those individuals were false. Confessions were obtained using methods such as torture and coercion. It is now widely evidenced that such a "People's Revolutionary Party" never existed in reality, and that it was fabricated by the KCIA.