Pegivirus is the approved name for a genus of single positive-stranded RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. The name is a derived one: "Pe" stands for "persistent" and "g" is a reference to Hepatitis G, a former name of the C species.
Taxonomy
Eleven named species are within the genusPegivirus. Isolates belonging to the species Pegivirus C are monophyletic and show < 50% nucleotide sequence divergence between aligned sequences from the polyprotein from each other. However, all differ by >50% nucleotide divergence from other members of this genus. Pegiviruses assigned to this species originate from primate host species. The sequence U22303 has been assigned as the type member of the species, as this was the first pegivirus to be described for this species. Terminology to describe viruses with different hosts has not been approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; however, Pegivirus A viruses have been called HPgV for human pegivirus, SPgV for new world simian pegiviruses, and SPgVcpz for chimpanzee simian virus. A second species within the pegiviruses is termed Pegivirus B. Only one virus was included in the naming proposal, which was a complete genome of a virus found in the bat speciesPteropus giganteus. This sequence differs by >50% nucleotide divergence from all proposed members of the primate-derived Pegivirus C species that originate from primate host species. The sequence GU566734 has been assigned as the type member of the species, as this was the first pegivirus to be described for this species. The use of deep sequencingtechnologies has identified additional viruses that differ from Pegivirus B species by >50% nucleotide and Pegivirus C in rodents, horses, and in different bat species, and Old World monkeys and the number of Pegivirus species has been expanded to eleven.
Revised taxonomy
The species known in 2016 have since then been classified into 11 species—Pegivirus A–K.
In 1967, experimental inoculation of serum from a thirty four year old surgeon with acute hepatitis into tamarins was reported to have resulted in hepatitis.
In 1995, two new members of the family Flaviviridae were identified in tamarins that developed hepatitis following inoculation with the 11th GB passage. A number of GBV-A variants were later identified in wild New World monkeys that were captured.
Subsequently in 1995, a human virus was identified .
A more distantly related virus was later discovered in the bat.
The genus Pegivirus was proposed in 2011. GBV-B was assigned to the genus Hepacivirus, whereas GBV-A together with GBV-C were assigned to the new genus Pegivirus.
In 2016 Pegivirus genus was divided into 11 species – pegiviruses A–K with GBV-C classified under pegivirus C species.
