Paṭṭhāna


The Paṭṭhāna is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism, where it is included in the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
This book is a detailed examination of causal conditioning, the law of cause and effect, analyzing 24 types of conditional relations in relation to the classifications in the matika of the Dhammasangani.
Most causes can be classified as more than one types.

24 conditional relations

  1. root or primitive causes
    Lobha, Alobha, Dosa, Adosa, Moha and Amoha, by being the six root or primitive causes, give rise to all thoughts and feelings.
  2. stimulative causes
    External objects and their effects, such as light and sounds, are ones of the causes of thoughts and feelings by stimulating a person's sensations.
  3. dominant causes
    A few mental aspects, such as wish and motivation, are believed to be possible dominant causes in Buddhist Psychology because each of them can profoundly dominate the rest of the mental aspects at one time.
  4. subsequent causes
    Each step or process of a vithi, a mental procedure in Buddhist Psychology, happens in order. One of such steps is a subsequent causes that give rise to a following one.
  5. continuous causes
    This point is sort of emphasis of the continuity between two successive steps of a vithi.
  6. Simultaneous or unitary causes
    The pali word saha means "together" and jata means "rise." Interpretations of this point can be in two main versions. In the more straightforward one, the causes that rise together and give rise to particular effects together are simultaneous causes. In the broader sense, according to Abhiddhamma, all the variety of physical or mental features are mere manifestations of a number of fundamental physical or mental principles, and hence all of the variety can be unified to a simple group just like the fundamental forces can be unified in electroweak interaction and grand unified theory.
  7. inter-supportive causes
    In Abhidhamma, some mental and physical phenomena are inter-supportive causes that can give rise to one another. The relationship of the change of a magnetic flux and that of an electric field could be a good example for this.
  8. responsible causes
    If one or more processes or phenomena is attributed to a particular cause no matter whether the causality is direct or indirect, that cause is, in Abhidhamma, regarded as a responsible cause.
  9. super-responsible causes
  10. pre-existing causes
    A cause that has risen into its existence before an effect that it gives rise to, it is a pre-existing cause.
  11. post-existing causes
    A cause that rises into its existence after a phenomenon that it later supports or maintains, it is a post-existing cause.
  12. habitual cultivation
  13. karma causes
    In Theravada Buddhism, the correct meaning of kamma or karma is basically the same as agency in humanism, a purposeful action. If a particular process or phenomena of a person is purposeful enough to cause a consequence, it is called a karma causes.
  14. consequence causes
  15. nutritious causes
    Nutrition that serves as fuel or raw material in physiology is nutritious causes.
  16. controlling faculty
  17. jhāna – a relation specific to meditation attainments
  18. path – a relation specific to the stages on the Buddhist path
  19. association
  20. dissociation
  21. presence
  22. absence
  23. disappearance
  24. non-disappearance

    English translations