Formerly, the government was chosen and appointed by PA President Arafat, and Arafat also presided the "Council of Ministers". Under strong pressure of the international community and Israel, Arafat, held hostage in his largely destroyed headquarters in Ramallah besieged by the Israeli army since September 2002, changed the political system. On 18 March 2003, he signed the 2003 Amended Basic Law, which transformed the political system into a semi-presidential one. The Prime Minister became responsible for the composition of the Cabinet and became the Chairman of the "Council of Ministers". On 19 March, Mahmoud Abbas accepted the post of Prime Minister. Arafat accepted Abbas' new government on 24 April, and on 29 April Abbas and his Cabinet were approved by the Parliament. The change came after strong pressure by the Middle East Quartet, who wanted to push its Roadmap for peace and supported Abbas. The day after the inauguration of the Government, on 30 April 2003, the Quartet published its Roadmap for peace. The Abbas Government was not long-lived. Abbas already resigned as Prime Minister on 6 September 2003, because of a struggle for power with Yasser Arafat and the stagnated implementation of the Road map for Peace by Israel.
1. Mahmoud Abbas : Prime Minister and Interior Minister -Fatah 2. Yasser Abed Rabbo: Minister of Cabinet Affairs - /former DFLP 3. Muhammad Dahlan: Minister of State for Security Affairs -Fatah 4.Saeb Erekat: Minister of State for Negotiations Affairs -Fatah 5. Nabil Shaath: Foreign Affairs -Fatah 6. Salam Fayyad: Finance - 7. Abdul Karim Abu Salah: Justice - Fatah/ 8. Maher al Masri: Economy, Trade & Rations -Fatah 9. Nabil Kassis: Planning - 10.Nabil Amr: Information -Fatah 11. Rafiq al Natsheh: Agriculture -Fatah 12. Kamal Sharafi: Health - 13. Naim Abu Al Hummus: Education -Fatah 14. Mitri Abu 'Aita: Tourism & Antiquities - 15. Ghassan Khatib: Labor - 16. Azam al-Shawa: Energy & Natural Resources 17. Jamal Shobaki: Local Governance -Fatah 18. Ziad Abu Amr: Culture - 19. Hamdan Ashou: Housing and Public Works -Fatah 20. Azzam al-Ahmad: Telecommunication and Information Technology -Fatah 21. Saedi al-Krunz: Transportation -Fatah 22. Intisar al Wazir : Social Affairs -Fatah 23. Hisham Abdul Razeq: Prisoners' Affairs -Fatah 24. Abdul Fatah Hamayel: Minister of State without portfolio -Fatah Vacant Ministries: 1. Islamic Waqf 2. Sports and Youths 3. Jerusalem