Osteoglossum
Osteoglossum is a genus of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. They reach about in length and are restricted to freshwater habitats in tropical South America.
These predators mostly feed on arthropods like insects and spiders, but may also take small vertebrates such as other fish, frogs, lizards, snakes, mice, bats and small birds. They jump up to out of the water to pick the prey off branches, tree trunks or foliage, which has earned them the local name "water monkeys". They are the largest fish in the world that catch most of their food out of water. When breeding, the male protects the eggs and young by carrying them in the mouth.
They are sometimes kept in aquariums, but they are predatory and require a very large tank.
Species
There are two species:| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier, 1829 | Silver arowana | Amazon, Essequibo and Oyapock basins | |
| Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 | Black arowana | Rio Negro basin, including the Branco River |