Order of the Paulownia Flowers
The Order of the Paulownia Flowers is an order presented by the Japanese government. Established in 1888 during the Meiji Restoration as the highest award in the Order of the Rising Sun; however, since 2003 it has been an Order in its own right. The only grade of the order is Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, which ranks higher than the Order of the Rising Sun but lower than the Order of the Chrysanthemum.
Traditionally, the order has been conferred upon eminent statesmen, former prime ministers and senior cabinet ministers, diplomats and judges. It may be conferred posthumously, and is the highest regularly conferred honor in the Japanese honors system. Awards are not made annually; only 24 individuals have been decorated with the order since 2003: 18 Japanese, three Americans, one Indian, one Singaporean and one Malaysian.
Insignia
The badge for the Order is a gilt cross with white enameled rays, bearing a central emblem of a red enameled sun disc surrounded by red rays, and with three paulownia blossoms between each arm of the cross. It is suspended from three enameled paulownia leaves on a sash in red with white border stripes, and is worn on the right shoulder.The star for the Order is the same as the badge, but without the paulownia leaves suspension. It is worn on the left chest.
Complete listing of ordinary (non-royal) recipients of the Order
Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1888–2003)
Information from the corresponding article in the Japanese WikipediaAwards to living recipients
- Itō Hirobumi
- Ōyama Iwao
- Saigō Tsugumichi
- Yamagata Aritomo
- Kuroda Kiyotaka
- Konoe Tadahiro
- Inoue Kaoru
- Tokudaiji Sanetsune
- Matsukata Masayoshi
- Hijikata Hisamoto
- Kawamura Sumiyoshi
- Itō Sukeyuki
- Oku Yasukata
- Kawamura Kageaki
- Kuroki Tamemoto
- Kodama Gentarō
- Komura Jutarō
- Sakuma Samata
- Sasaki Takayuki
- Tanaka Fujimaro
- Tanaka Mitsuaki
- Terauchi Masatake
- Nogi Maresuke
- Nozu Michitsura
- Hasegawa Yoshimichi
- Hayashi Tadasu
- Higashikuze Michiyoshi
- Fukuoka Takachika
- Saionji Kinmochi
- Hayashi Tomoyuki
- Teruhisa Komatsu
- Oogimachisanjō Michika
- Matsudaira Norikata
- Ōkuma Shigenobu
- Sone Arasuke
- Tani Tateki
- Ōshima Yoshimasa
- Kagawa Keizō
- Katō Takaaki
- Yoshikawa Akimasa
- Kabayama Sukenori
- Yamao Yōzō
- Motono Ichirō
- Hirata Tosuke
- Kataoka Shichirō
- Kiyoura Keigo
- Itō Miyoji
- Uchida Kosai
- Katō Tomosaburō
- Gotō Shinpei
- Chinda Sutemi
- Hara Takashi
- Makino Nobuaki
- Inoue Yoshika
- Uehara Yūsaku
- Utsunomiya Tarō
- Ōshima Ken'ichi
- Ōtani Kikuzō
- Shimamura Hayao
- Nakamura Yūjirō
- Toda Shidomo
- Hamao Arata
- Soga Sukenori
- Okano Keijirō
- Saitō Makoto
- Tokugawa Iesato
- Ijuin Hikoyoshi
- Takahashi Korekiyo
- Hiranuma Kiichirō
- Yamashita Gentarō
- Asano Nagakoto
- Kaneko Kentarō
- Shibusawa Eiichi
- Hayashi Gonsuke
- Wakatsuki Reijirō
- Ichiki Kitokuro
- Kuratomi Yūzaburō
- Suzuki Sōroku
- Takarabe Takeshi
- Hamaguchi Osachi
- Kijuro Shidehara
- Inukai Tsuyoshi
- Okada Keisuke
- Suzuki Kantaro
- Nara Takeji
- Takashi Hishikari
- Ugaki Kazushige
- Yamamoto Tatsuo
- Ishiguro Tadanori
- Mizuno Rentaro
- Yuasa Kurahei
- Sakatani Yoshio
- Kishi Nobusuke
- Tanaka Kōtarō
- Funada Naka
- Shigemune Yūzō
- Yokota Kisaburo
- Kōno Kenzō
- Yasui Ken
- Nadao Hirokichi
- Nakamura Umekichi
- Fukuda Hajime
- Fukunaga Kenji
- Sakata Michita
- Toshiwo Doko
- Matsushita Konosuke
- Tokunaga Masatoshi
- Sakarauchi Yoshio
- Yaguchi Koichi
- Uno Sōsuke
- Tamura Hajime
- Kenzaburo Hara
- Hara Bunbe
- Kusaba Ryōhachi
- Tsuchiya Yoshihiko
- Itō Sōichirō
Posthumous awards
- Yamada Akiyoshi
- Mōri Motonori
- Shimazu Tadayoshi
- Kawakami Soroku
- Ōki Takatō
- Sano Jōmin
- Soejima Taneomi
- Enomoto Takeaki
- Okazawa Tadashi
- Inoue Hikaru
- Nomura Yasushi
- Iwakura Tomosada
- Takasaki Masakaze
- Hitoshi Kanjiro
- Tokugawa Yoshinobu
- Aoki Shūzō
- Matsuda Masahisa
- Ōkubo Haruno
- Takashima Tomonosuke
- Katō Hiroyuki
- Nakamuta Kuranosuke
- Kamimura Hikonojō
- Kuroda Kiyotsuna
- Hanabusa Yoshitada
- Hachisuka Mochiaki
- Itagaki Taisuke
- Masataka Kawase
- Nakayama Takamaro
- Sugi Magoshichirō
- Suematsu Kenchō
- Ijuin Gorō
- Nabeshima Naohiro
- Hatano Yoshinao
- Hosokawa Junjirō
- Tajiri Inejirō
- Nanbu Mikao
- Nakamura Satoru
- Miura Gorō
- Hozumi Nobushige
- Fujī Kōichi
- Ōmori Shoichi
- Asada Nobuoki
- Katō Sadakichi
- Ōsako Naoharu
- Yamagata Isaburō
- Murakami Kakuichi
- Matsukawa Toshitane
- Ōshima Hisanao
- Hattori Ichizō
- Hirayama Narinobu
- Tanaka Giichi
- Katsunosuke Inoue
- Dewa Shigetō
- Yashiro Rokurō
- Akiyama Yoshifuru
- Den Kenjirō
- Matsumuro Itasu
- Yamakawa Kenjirō
- Kuki Ryūichi
- Ichinohe Hyoe
- Yoshinori Shirakawa
- Hidaka Sōnojō
- Egi Kazuyuki
- Andō Teibi
- Nobuyoshi Mutō
- Furuichi Kōi
- Okada Ryōhei
- Nakahashi Tokugorō
- Mineichirō Adachi
- Tokonami Takejirō
- Tomii Masaaki
- Jōtarō Watanabe
- Kubota Yuzuru
- Uryū Sotokichi
- Kurino Shin'ichirō
- Arai Kentarō
- Sakurai Jōji
- Kuroda Nagashige
- Suzuki Kisaburō
- Kawai Misao
- Mineo Ōsumi
- Ishizuka Eizō
- Senjūrō Hayashi
- Mineichi Koga
- Arima Ryokitsu
- Yoshimichi Hara
- Nomaguchi Kimuotoko
- Uchiyama Kojirō
- Ishii Kikujirō
- Minami Hiroshi
- Matsui Keishirō
- Kubota Shizutarō
- Mamoru Shigemitsu
- Hitoshi Ashida
- Hayashi Jōji
- Kawai Yahachi
- Teijirō Toyoda
- Matsuno Tsuruhei
- Kichisaburō Nomura
- Ōno Banboku
- Kenkichi Yoshizawa
- Kōno Ichirō
- Katsuo Okazaki
- Kiyose Ichirō
- Matsutarō Shōriki
- Kawashima Shōjirō
- Matsumura Kenzō
- Naotake Satō
- Tanzan Ishibashi
- Masutani Hidetsugu
- Kiichi Aichi
- Tatsuo Sato
- Taizō Ishizaka
- Ohama Nobumoto
- Tetsu Katayama
- Uemura Kōgorō
- Hori Shigeru
- Shiina Etsusaburo
- Hoshijima Jirō
- Ichiro Nakayama
- Maeo Shigesaburō
- Ishii Mitsujirō
- Ryotaro Azuma
- Nagano Shigeo
- Ushiba Nobuhiko
- Aiichiro Fujiyama
- Nishimura Eiichi
- Inayama Yoshihiro
- Shintaro Abe
- Michio Watanabe
- Masaru Ibuka
- Nikaidō Susumu
- Saito Eishiro
Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (from 2003)
Awards to living recipients
- Yamaguchi Shigeru
- Murayama Tomiichi
- Hiraiwa Gaishi
- Shoichiro Toyoda
- Machida Akira
- Kurata Hiroyuki
- Tamisuke Watanuki
- Niro Shimada
- Chikage Oogi
- Toshiki Kaifu
- Yōhei Kōno
- Tsutomu Hata
- Hironobu Takesaki
- Eda Satsuki
- Yoshirō Mori
Posthumous awards
- Yutaka Inoue
- Takeo Nishioka
- Nobutaka Machimura
Foreign recipients
- Pavle Jurišić Šturm, 1917
- Konrad Adenauer
- Henry Willard Denison, 1902
- John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher
- Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, 1922
- Robert Walker Irwin
- Douglas MacArthur
- Ali Osman Pasha
- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
- Mike Mansfield
- George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven
- George Shultz
- Walter Mondale, 3 November 2008
- Howard Baker, 3 November 2008
- Daniel Inouye, 24 June 2011
- François Fillon
- Tom Foley, 1995
- Manmohan Singh, 5 November 2014
- Lee Kuan Yew, 23 March 2015
- Mahathir Mohamad, 2018