Northern dry deciduous forests


The Northern dry deciduous forests, also known as the North Deccan dry deciduous forests, is a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of east-central India.

Geography

It covers an area of, mostly in western Odisha state, with portions in neighboring Chhattisgarh. The region extends northeast-southwest in the dry western rain shadow of the Eastern Ghats range, which block the moisture-laden monsoon winds from the Bay of Bengal to the east. It is surrounded by the more humid Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion.
The ecoregion lies mostly in the middle basin of the Mahanadi River and its tributary the Tel. The southern portion of the ecoregion lies in the upper basin of the Indravati River, a tributary of the Godavari.

Flora

The original vegetation was a multi-storied forest of mostly dry-season deciduous trees, dominated by sal. Little of the original forest remains. Teak, which favors drier conditions, is more common in the remaining forests. Frequent fires, intensive grazing, and over-harvesting trees for firewood and fodder has reduced other areas to open scrubland or savanna. Much of the ecoregion has been converted to agriculture or pasture.

Conservation

A 1997 assessment found that more than three-quarters of the ecoregion's natural habitat had been cleared or degraded. Four protected areas encompassed about 2.5 percent of the ecoregion's area. A 2017 assessment estimated that 1,604 km², or 3%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Another 12% is forested but unprotected.