Northern Triangle temperate forests


The Northern Triangle temperate forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of thick forest covering the mountains of northern Myanmar.

Setting

The Northern Triangle temperate forests occupy the southern slopes of the Namkiu Mountains, the easternmost extension of Himalayas, and extend southeast along the Patkai Range on the border between Myanmar and India, in Kachin State and Sagaing Division of Myanmar, an area that is part of the Golden Triangle. The mountains run north to south towards the central plain of Myanmar and the forests lie between 1,830 and 2,700 metres in elevation. The Chindwin, Mali, and N'Mai Rivers all have their sources in these mountains and run south to join the Irrawaddy River.
The Northern Triangle subtropical forests lie to the south, while the Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests lie to the northwest across the Patkai Range. The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows bound the ecoregion to the north. The Northern Triangle temperate forests are similar to the Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests, which occupy the middle elevations of the Himalaya range in Eastern India, Bhutan, and eastern Nepal, and extend along the north slope of the Patkai range in Arunachal Pradesh.

Flora

The main plant communities of the Northern Triangle temperate forests are broadleaf forests and mixed forests. The forests are diverse, blending plants characteristic of the tropical floras of the Eastern Himalayas with those of Assam, the Indian subcontinent and Indochina and the temperate floras of the Himalayas and China and even some relict plants of the ancient continent of Gondwana. Furthermore the Northern Triangle Temperate forests have been little explored by scientists since the work of Frank Kingdon-Ward in the 1920s and 1930s and their biodiversity is likely underestimated.
The broadleaf forests lie between 1830 and 2100 meters elevation. Characteristic trees and shrubs include alder, birch, chinkapin beech, schima-trees, magnolia, and exbucklandia.
The mixed forests lie above 2,100 meters in elevation, characterized by broadleaf trees such as oak, magnolia, maple, prunus, holly, and rhododendron, mixed with conifers like picea brachytyla, Himalayan hemlock, Sikkim larch, and cypress.
Subalpine conifer forests lie between the temperate forests and the alpine meadows of the easternmost Himalayas.

Fauna

The ecoregion is home to at least a hundred mammals including a number of threatened species such as the Indochinese tiger, the large takin, clouded leopard, red panda, Ussuri dhole, Asiatic black bear, stump-tailed macaque, capped leaf monkey, red goral, great Indian civet, back-striped weasel, Irrawaddy squirrel,'' and particolored flying squirrel.
The ecoregion is home to a single endemic mammal species, the Gongshan muntjac possibly along with another muntjac deer, Fea's muntjac. The rusty-bellied shortwing is the ecoregion's only known endemic bird species but the forests are important habitat to many other bird species while both birds and mammals have crucial migration routes up and down the mountains through different types of habitat including these temperate forests.

Threats and preservation

Because these steep mountainsides are so remote the forest is largely undamaged. However, they are also unprotected, and as the hill tribe population increases they are liable to be cleared for logging and to make space for planting.