After interning at Gov. George Pataki's office and running a congressional campaign in 2002, Langworthy became a staffer for Congressman Thomas M. Reynolds. Later, he managed Reynolds' successful re-election campaigns in 2004 and 2006. While working for Congressman Reynolds, he met his wife, Erin, who also worked on the congressman's staff. Langworthy later managed the successful 2008 campaign of Rep. Chris Lee; he served as Lee's district office director until May 2010. Langworthy is the founder and president of a polling firm, Liberty Opinion Research.
Erie County Republican Committee Chair James P. Domagalski resigned his chairmanship in 2010 to run for the New York State Senate. An early frontrunner for the county chairship, Langworthy made himself as visible as possible on the county and state Republican scenes. In a special election held to fill the vacant chairmanship, Langworthy won unanimously, becoming the youngest chairman of either political party in Erie County's history. Langworthy was the only Republican county chairman to endorse Carl Paladino in the Republican gubernatorial primary in 2010; he emerged as a political powerhouse when Paladino won the primary. Paladino's primary upset, together with the Republicans' successful effort to take control of the Erie County Legislature, led Buffalo News chief political columnist Bob McCarthy to call Langworthy the "GOP's Young Elder". In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Langworthy would serve on the executive committee of his transition team. Langworthy had been a vocal supporter of Trump's presidential campaign. In September 2019, it was announced that Langworthy would be succeeded as Erie County chairman by Boston, New York Republican chairman Karl J. Simmeth Jr.
In 2018, Langworthy began campaigning for the chairmanship of the New York State Republican Committee against incumbent state chairman Ed Cox. On May 20, 2019, after Monroe County Republican Chair Bill Reilich announced his support for Langworthy, Cox announced that he was withdrawing his candidacy for a new term as chairman; the Democrat and Chronicle reported that Langworthy was "poised to become" the next chair of the Republican Committee. On July 1, 2019, Langworthy was formally named Chair of the New York State Republican Committee.
Personal life
Langworthy's wife, Erin Baker Langworthy, ran unsuccessfully for Amherst, New York Town Board in 2017. She serves as the finance chairwoman at the Erie County Republican Committee.