The community lies in the Knüllgebirge in the drainage basin of the Geisbach, which rises here and only 10 km from here, in Bad Hersfeld, empties into the Fulda.
Neuenstein's Ortsteile are Aua, Gittersdorf, Mühlbach, Obergeis, Raboldshausen, Saasen, Salzberg and Untergeis.
History
The first documentary mention of any of the constituent communities came in 852 when Aua was named in one of the Hersfeld Abbey’s donation documents. The abbot at Hersfeld founded a monastery here in 1190, although this moved to Blankenheim, now an outlying centre of Bebra, in 1229. The community of Salzesberg had its first documentary mention in 1190. There is however a document from 782 about this place, but its authenticity is in dispute. All other places had their first documentary mentions in the 12th and 13th centuries. Most constituent communities were long under the Hersfeld Abbey’s or were fiefs of the Lords of Wallenstein. Albert I of Wallenstein built a castle above Saasen that had its first documentary mention in 1267 as Neuwallenstein. On 24 July 1318, the castle, which had since become a den for robber barons, was destroyed by Hessian Landgrave Otto’s troops as well as the Hersfeld Abbot Simon I of Buchenau’s and Count Johann I of Ziegenhain’s men, and also Eberhard von Breuberg’s, who was the state justice of the peace and Imperial stateVogt. Only in 1357 was the castle restored by Simon von Wallenstein. Neuenstein Castle is nowadays used as a conference and event centre.
Amalgamations
The above-named constituent communities merged into the new greater community of Neuenstein with effect from 1 January 1972, with the exception of Obergeis, which was only merged, forcibly, in the course of municipal reform on 1 August 1972. The new community’s namesake was the castle, whose mediaeval name was Neuwallenstein Castle.
After the greater community's formation, Konrad Käberich took charge of the mayor's job from December 1972 to August 1973. The first elected mayor was Georg Ries from January 1974 to January 1980. After him came Walter Schmidt. The current mayor, Walter Glänzer was elected on 28 September 2003 with 59.7% of the vote.
The community's arms might be described thus: Gules a mount of three vert upon which barrulets argent and issuant from which a tower of the last. The tower belongs to Neuenstein Castle, and is the community's landmark.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Former monastery church in the constituent community of Aua from 1190
Neuenstein Castle in the constituent community of Saasen
Wall graves of the family von Wallenstein in the constituent community of Raboldshausen
Chapel from 1194 in the constituent community of Mühlbach
