Born in Araxá, Minas Gerais, Neto was installed as Athletico Paranaense's first-choice goalkeeper for the 2010 Brazilian Série A season. After being sent off in the first match of the campaign and serving a two-match suspension, he returned and started every game for the club until October, when he was forced to miss several games after being called up for the Brazil national team.
Neto joined Juventus on a four-year contract on 3 July 2015. On 23 September 2015, Neto made his Juventus debut, starting in a 1–1 home draw against Frosinone in Serie A. On 16 December 2015, Neto achieved his first clean sheet with the club in a 4–0 win over cross-city rivalsTorino during a Coppa Italia match. He kept his first clean sheet in the league in the club's final match of the season, on 14 May 2016, which ended in a 5–0 home win over Sampdoria, as Juventus celebrated their Serie A title victory. On 21 May, he kept another clean sheet to win the Coppa Italia 1–0 against Milan in Rome's Stadio Olimpico. In his second season with the club, Neto made his UEFA Champions League debut on 7 December 2016, in Juventus's final group match, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 home win over Dinamo Zagreb. Although he served as a back-up to Buffon in the league, he was Juventus's starting goalkeeper in the Coppa Italia, featuring in all of the club's matches in the competition, including the 2–0 victory over Lazio in the final on 17 May 2017, as Juventus won their 12th Coppa Italia title, becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships and league-cup doubles.
Valencia
On 7 July 2017, Neto joined Valencia on a four-year contract in a €7 million deal, plus an additional €2 million in conditional bonuses. He made his debut for the club on 18 August, starting in a 1–0 La Liga home win against UD Las Palmas.
Barcelona
On 27 June 2019, it was announced that Neto would move to Barcelona for €26m plus €9m in add-ons. One day earlier, Barcelona backup goalkeeper Jasper Cillessen left Barcelona for €35m to take Neto's spot as the starting goalkeeper for Valencia. On 10 December 2019 Neto played the full 90 minutes as Barca knocked outInternazionale Milan out of the UEFA Champions League.
International career
Neto was in the Brazil squad for the 2012 Olympic tournament, playing in their two opening group stage wins over Egypt and Belarus before being replaced by Gabriel as the nation went on to win the silver medal. He was one of seven stand-by players named by Dunga for the senior team at the 2015 Copa América, but was eventually called into the main squad after a knee injury to Diego Alves. Neto remained on the bench as Jefferson played as first-choice goalkeeper, and Brazil reached the quarter-finals. On 12 September 2018, eight years after his first senior call-up, Neto finally made his debut for Brazil when he started in a 5–0 friendly win over El Salvador in the United States.
