Aggett was born in Nanyuki, Kenya, and his family moved to South Africa in 1964, where he attended Kingswood College in Grahamstown from 1964 to 1970, and later the University of Cape Town, where he completed a medical degree in 1976. Aggett worked as a physician in Black hospitals in Umtata, Tembisa and later at Baragwanath hospital in Soweto, working in Casualty and learning to speak basic Zulu. He was appointed an unpaid organiser of the Transvaal Food and Canning Workers' Union, and helped to organise the workers at Fatti’s and Moni’s in Isando, at a critical time when the company faced a growing boycott campaign for having unfairly dismissed workers at its factory in Bellville, Western Cape. He worked as a doctor on Wednesday nights and Friday nights so he could continue with his union work. Aggett remained undeterred from harassment by the security forces. Following a historic gathering in Langa near Cape Town, in August 1981, of unions that had been fiercely divided, he was entrusted with building a Transvaal Solidarity Committee. Aggett was detained with his partner Dr Elizabeth Floyd by the security police on 27 November 1981. His death on 5 February 1982, after 70 days of detention without trial, marked the 51st death in detention. He was 28 years old. He was the first white person to die in detention since 1963. According to the South AfricanSecurity Police, Aggett committed suicide while held at the John Vorster Square police station, by hanging himself. About 15,000 people attended Aggett's funeral on 13 February 1982. which was attended by Bishop Desmond Tutu. Previously divided unions called for a joint stayaway two days before the funeral, to which about 90,000 workers from across the country responded. Aggett is buried in the West Park Cemetery in Johannesburg. The inquest of 44 days stretched over many months and was reported internationally. The Aggett team of lawyers, with George Bizos as senior counsel and Denis Kuny his junior, used 'similar fact' evidence and argued 'induced suicide'. For the first time in a South African court of law, former detainees gave evidence of torture. Aggett made an affidavit 14 hours before his death that he had been assaulted, blindfolded, and given electric shocks. However Magistrate Kotze ruled that the death was not brought about by any act or omission on the part of the police. The inquest verdict of no one to blame was reversed by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1998. The Commission's final report found that 'the intensive interrogation of Dr Aggett by Major A Cronwright and Lieutenant Stephan Whitehead, and the treatment he received while in detention for more than seventy days were directly responsible for the mental and physical condition of Dr Aggett which led him to take his own life.' The report also stated that 'troubling inquests', such as the one into Aggett's death, caused the Apartheid regime to find alternative ways of disposing of its opponents, including 'disappearing' people. Some five years after his death, at the 1987 conference of the Five Freedoms Forum, fellow detainee Frank Chikane recalled how he had seen Aggett in jail returning from one of his interrogations, being half carried, half dragged by warders; Chikane saw this as a sign of how badly injured Aggett was already at the time. Johnny Clegg included a tribute to Aggett in his song, Asimbonanga on the Third World Child album. George Bizos includes a chapter on the Aggett inquest in No One to Blame?Donald McRae reveals how Aggett's death in detention deeply affected himself and his family in his memoir Under Our Skin ’Death of an Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett’ is a full referenced biography by Beverley Naidoo, with a Foreword by George Bizos SC. The High Court in Johannesburg re-opened an inquest into Aggett's death on Monday, 20 January 2020, 38 years after his death by alleged suicide. Jill Burger, Aggett's sister, told the High Court during the Johannesburg inquest that her brother was killed when the torture went too far.
