National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis The National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis was founded in 1988 and hosted at three member campuses: The University of California, Santa Barbara ; the State University of New York at Buffalo ; and the University of Maine . The center was founded after receiving a $5 million grant from the National Science Foundation . Ron Abler—then at NSF—described the rationale for the NCGIA and compared it to corresponding efforts in the UK . Notable faculty involved with the NCGIA include Michael Goodchild , Michael Batty , David Mark , A. Stewart Fotheringham, Andrew Frank , Helen Couclelis, , Luc Anselin , Waldo R. Tobler amongst others. David William Rhind and Mike Goodchild compare later US and the UK approach.The research plan was organized along so-called Research Initiatives, which generally started and ended with "specialist meetings", where interdisciplinary teams discussed pressing research issues. Often a publication followed: Initiative 1: Accuracy of spatial databases, led by Michael Goodchild Initiative 2: Languages of Spatial Relations, led by David Mark and Andrew U. Frank Initiative 3: Multiple Representations, led by Barbara Buttenfield Initiative 4: The Use and Value of Geographic Information, led by Harlan Onsrud and Hugh Calkins Initiative 5: Architecture of Very Large Spatial Databases, led by Terence Smith and Andrew U. Frank Initiative 6: Spatial Decision Support Systems , led by Paul Densham and Michael Goodchild Initiative 7: Visualizing the Quality of Spatial Information, led by Kate Beard and Barbara Buttenfield Initiative 8: Formalizing Cartographic Knowledge, led by Barbara Buttenfield Initiative 9: Institutions Sharing Geographic Information, led by Harlan Onsrud and Gerard Rushton Initiative 10: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in GIS, led by Max Egenhofer and Reginald Golledge Initiative 12: Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS, led by John Estes , Frank Davis and Jeffrey Star In 1992 the list of publications resulting from these research initiatives and other efforts of the NCGIA were published in the International Journal of Geographical Information Systems . The NCGIA produces a Core Curriculum for teaching Geographic Information Systems
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