NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science

List of Recipients

• Robert H. Dennard "for seminal contributions in the field of Microelectronics for the invention of Dynamic Random Access Memory, and CMOS scaling."
• James C. Liao "... production of higher alcohols as drop-in fuel from sugars, cellulose, waste protein, or carbon dioxide."
• H. Boyd Woodruff "... multiple antibiotics, vitamin B12, and the avermectins.."
• Robert T. Fraley "... technologies that enabled the production of the world's first transgenic crops.."
• Philip Needleman "... metabolism of arachidonic acid in physiology and pathophysiology, which generates prostacyclin and thromboxane."
• J. Craig Venter "... using expressed sequence tags in genetic analyses,... sequencing of microbial genomes, and his leadership in... sequencing the human genome."
• Ralph F. Hirschmann "... chemical design and synthesis ... of numerous essential pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory steroids and anti-hypertensive compounds."
• John H. Sinfelt "... discovery of the principle of bimetallic cluster catalysis and the... catalyst widely used in making lead-free gasoline."
• Nick Holonyak "... semiconductor materials and devices, including practical light-emitting diodes."
• Carl Djerassi "contributions to steroid chemistry the first successful oral contraceptive.."