Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965
The Murder Act 1965 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It abolished the death penalty for murder in Great Britain. The Act replaced the penalty of death with a mandatory sentence of imprisonment for life.
The Act was introduced to Parliament as a private member's bill by Sydney Silverman MP. The Act provides that charges of capital murder at the time it was passed were to be treated as charges of simple murder and all sentences of death were to be commuted to sentences of life imprisonment. The legislation contained a sunset clause, which stated that the Act would expire on 31 July 1970 "unless Parliament by affirmative resolutions of both Houses otherwise determines". This was done in 1969 and the Act was made permanent.
The Act left four capital offences: high treason, "piracy with violence", arson in royal dockyards and espionage, as well as other capital offences under military law. The death penalty was not finally abolished in the United Kingdom until 1998 by the Human Rights Act and the Crime and Disorder Act.
The Act replaced the Homicide Act 1957, which had already reduced hangings to only four or less per year. No executions have occurred since the Murder Act, with the last executions in the United Kingdom carried out on 13 August 1964, when Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans were hanged for murdering John Alan West during a theft four months earlier, a death penalty crime under the 1957 Act.
