Moscow Time is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second-westernmost of the eleven time zones of Russia. It has been set to UTC+03:00 without DST since 26 October 2014; before that date it had been set to UTC+04:00 year-round on 27 March 2011. Moscow Time is used to schedule trains, ships, etc. throughout Russia, but airplane travel is scheduled using local time. Times in Russia are often announced throughout the country on radio stations as Moscow Time, which is also registered in telegrams, etc. Descriptions of time zones in Russia are often based on Moscow Time rather than UTC. For example, Yakutsk is said to be MSK+6 in Russia.
History
Until the October Revolution, the official time in Moscow corresponded to UTC+02:30:17. In 1919 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR introduced the system of time zones in the country, while Moscow was assigned to the second administrative time zone, the time of which should correspond to UTC+02:00. Other zones east of the 37.5° meridian to Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don were also included in the second belt. In accordance with the 16 June 1930 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars, the Decree Time was introduced by adding one hour to the time in each time zone of the USSR, so that Moscow Time became three hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Until 2011, during the winter, between the last Sunday of October and the last Sunday of March, Moscow Standard Time was three hours ahead of UTC, or UTC+03:00; during the summer, Moscow Time shifted forward an additional hour ahead of Moscow Standard Time to become Moscow Summer Time, making it UTC+04:00. In 2011, the Russian government proclaimed that daylight saving time would in future be observed all year round, thus effectively displacing standard time—an action which the government claimed emerged from health concerns attributed to the annual shift back-and-forth between standard time and daylight saving time. On 27 March 2011, Muscovites set their clocks forward for a final time, effectively observing MSD, or UTC+04:00, permanently. On 29 March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol—two federal subjects established by Russia on the Crimean Peninsula—switched their time to MSK on 30 March 2014 and then when permanent DST in Russia was removed on 26 October 2014 the time became UTC+03:00 without DST all year. On 1 July 2014, the State Duma passed a bill partially repealing the 2011 change, putting Moscow Time on permanent UTC+03:00 and thus back to standard time.
Prior to 26 October 2014, Moscow Time was UTC+03:00. Daylight saving time was used in the summer, advancing it to UTC+04:00. UTC+03:00 was also formerly used in European parts of what was then the USSR:
Samara Oblast, in 1989–1991 and again from 2010–2011.
Belarus, in 1930–1941, 1944-1991 and again from 2011–present.
Crimea, in 1930–1941, 1944-1990, 1994-1997 and again from 2014–present.
Moscow Summer Time, was first applied in 1981 and was used:
until 1989 in Estonia, Kaliningrad Oblast, Latvia and Lithuania
until 1990 in Moldova and Ukraine
until 1991 in Belarus
between 1989 and 1991 and in 2010 in Samara Oblast.
In 1922–1930 and 1991–1992, Moscow observed Eastern European Time. Daylight saving time was observed in the summer of 1991, and the city and region reverted to UTC+03:00 by the summer of 1992. The time in Moscow has been as follows :
Anomalies
Since political, in addition to purely geographical, criteria are used in the drawing of time zones, it follows that time zones do not precisely adhere to meridian lines. The MSK time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, would consist of exactly the area between meridians 37°30' E and 52°30' E. As a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a "physical" UTC+03:00 time, are in another time zone; likewise, there are European areas that have gone for UTC+03:00, even though their "physical" time zone is different from that. Following is a list of such anomalies: Areas located outside UTC+03:00 longitudes using Moscow Time time Areas west of 37°30' E that use UTC+03:00
The entirety of Belarus with 23°10' E as the westernmost point where MSK is used
Western Russia, including Saint Petersburg, half of Moscow and Crimea
Areas between 52°30' E and 67°30' E that use UTC+03:00
