Michele J. Gelfand Michele J. Gelfand is a cultural psychologist , best known for being an expert on tightness–looseness theory, which explains variations in the strength of social norms and punishments across human groups. She is currently a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park .Education and career Gelfand studied at Colgate University , where she graduated with a B.A. in psychology in 1989. She graduated from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign in 1996 with a PhD in social psychology and organizational psychology . There, she studied under the mentorship of Harry Triandis , one of the founders of cross-cultural psychology . She was on the faculty of New York University from 1995 to 1996, and she has worked at the University of Maryland , College Park since 1996. Gelfand is the editor of several academic books and series, including Advances in Culture and Psychology , which she co-founded; Psychology of Conflict and Conflict Management in Organizations ; and The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture . She was the president of the International Association for Conflict Management from 2009 to 2010.Research Gelfand has conducted research across many cultures, using field, experimental, computational, and neuroscientific methods to understand the evolution of cultural differences and their consequences for individuals, teams, organizations, and nations. Gelfand has also done work on the role of culture in negotiation and conflict and the psychology of revenge and forgiveness.Cultural tightness–looseness Gelfand is considered a pioneering researcher on the concept of tightness–looseness. She is credited with defining the tightness-looseness classification system , which assesses how much a culture adheres to social norms and tolerates deviance. Tight cultures are more restrictive, with stricter disciplinary measures for norm violations while loose cultures have weaker social norms and a higher tolerance for deviant behavior. Gelfand found that a history of threats, such as natural disasters , high population density , or vulnerability to infectious diseases, is associated with greater tightness. Her research has shown that tightness allows cultures to coordinate more effectively to survive threats. This work is summarized in the book, titled, Rule Makers, Rule Breakers: How Tight and Loose Cultures Wire Our World .Awards and honors Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Outstanding International Psychologist Award, American Psychological Association Carol and Ed Diener Award in Social Psychology , Society for Personality and Social Psychology William A. Owens Scholarly Achievement Award, Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Anneliese Maier Research Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Best Paper Award for New Directions, Academy of Management Conflict Management Division Distinguished University Scholar-Teacher, University of Maryland, College Park Outstanding Article of the Year Award, International Association for Conflict Management Cummings Scholarly Achievement Award, Academy of Management Organizational Behavior Division Distinguished Early Career Contribution Award, Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Selected publications *
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