Met Gala


The Met Gala, formally called the Costume Institute Gala or the Costume Institute Benefit and also known as the Met Ball, is an annual fundraising gala for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute in New York City. It marks the opening of the Costume Institute's annual fashion exhibit. Each year's event celebrates the theme of that year's Costume Institute exhibition, and the exhibition sets the tone for the formal dress of the night, since guests are expected to choose their fashion to match the theme of the exhibit.
The Met Gala was established in 1948 as a way to raise money for the newly-founded Costume Institute and mark the opening of its annual exhibit. The first Gala was a midnight dinner and tickets were fifty dollars each. Based upon the legacy left by former Vogue editor-in-chief Diana Vreeland as "special consultant" to the Costume Institute, since 1973 the Met Gala has become well known as a luxurious, blockbuster event and is considered "the jewel in New York City's social crown".
The Gala is widely regarded as among the most prominent and most exclusive social events in the world. It is also one of the biggest fundraising nights in New York City, with $9M USD raised in 2013 and a record of $12M USD the following year. The Met Gala is one of the most notable sources of funding for the Institute, with contributions anticipated to surpass $200M USD in total after the 2019 event since Anna Wintour's assuming the chairmanship of the Institute in 1995.

History

The Met Gala was established in 1948 by fashion publicist Eleanor Lambert as a way to raise money for the newly-founded Costume Institute and mark the opening of its annual exhibit. The first gala was a dinner and tickets were fifty dollars each. For the first few decades of its existence the gala was simply one of many annual benefits held for New York charitable institutions. Accordingly, the attendees of the early galas were almost entirely members of New York high society or the city's fashion industry. From 1948 to 1971, the event was held at venues including the Waldorf-Astoria, Central Park, and the Rainbow Room.
When Diana Vreeland became consultant to the Costume Institute in 1972, the Gala began to evolve into a more glamorous affair, although one that was still aimed at the societal set. The event started to become more celebrity-oriented with attendees like Elizabeth Taylor, Andy Warhol, Bianca Jagger, Diana Ross, Elton John, Liza Minnelli and Cher intermixing with the city's elite. It was during the Vreeland years that the Gala was first held at the Met and that Gala themes were introduced.

Details

The Met Costume Institute Gala is a major fundraising benefit that serves as an opening celebration for the Institute's annual fashion exhibit. Following the event, the exhibition runs for several months. The 2014 exhibition was scheduled to run from May 8 until August 10, 2014. The affair, attended by personalities from the arts, fashion, high-society, film, and music, has been held at the Met since 1948 and is considered to be the fashion industry's premier annual red carpet event. Its red carpet fashions are widely photographed, reviewed, critiqued, and emulated. The museum is closed to the general public on the first Monday of May due to the Gala occurring.
Anna Wintour, Vogue editor-in-chief and a chairwoman of the Gala event since 1995, oversees both the benefit committee and the guest list, with Vogue staffers helping assemble the list of invitees. In 2014, the individual tickets cost US$30,000 for those outside the official guest list, after prices were raised by $10,000 to increase the exclusivity of the event. The annual guest list is limited to approximately 650 or 700 people.

Themes

Each year the event has a theme, and includes a cocktail hour and a formal dinner. During the cocktail hour, guests arrive to walk on the red carpet, tour the year's special themed exhibition, and be seated before the dinner party that includes entertainment from the preeminent entertainers of the day. The theme not only sets the tone for the annual exhibit, but also for the guests who attempt to dress to uphold the theme of the year, oftentimes causing runs on certain fashion themes among the world's leading fashion retailers. Sometimes, such as in 2013, the theme is a bit befuddling because it does not provide a clear stylistic directive, while at other times, such as in 2014, the theme may be far more challenging for one gender.

Gallery

The 2015 Gala and its theme of "China: Through the Looking Glass" became the subject of a documentary—The First Monday in May' directed by Andrew Rossi produced by Condé Nast Entertainment, Vogue, and Relativity Studios. 225 approved photographers, reporters, and social media participants documented the event for the documentary. All other attendees were forbidden from using social media at the event. Guests received notices about the restriction of selfies and social media inside the gala. The no-selfie ordinance was extended to the following editions of the Met Gala.

List of Met Galas

The following is a list of Met Galas, as well as the Chairs and entertainment, for the Galas that have taken place since themes were introduced in 1973.
Date of GalaThemeCo-chairsHonorary ChairsHeadline Performers
March 21, 1973The World of Balenciaga--N/A
December 12, 1973The 10s, the 20s, the 30s: Inventive Clothes: 1909-1939Phyllis Ellsworth Dillon-N/A
November 20, 1974Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood DesignJane Engelhard-N/A
December 10, 1975American Women of StyleJane Engelhard-N/A
December 6, 1976The Glory of Russian CostumeJacqueline Kennedy Onassis-N/A
December 12, 1977Vanity Fair: A Treasure TroveJacqueline Kennedy Onassis-N/A
November 20, 1978Diaghilev: Costumes and Designs of the Ballets RussesPat Buckley-N/A
December 3, 1979Fashions of the Habsburg Era: Austria-HungaryPat Buckley-N/A
December 9, 1980The Manchu Dragon: Costumes of China, the Chi'ng DynastyPat Buckley-N/A
December 7, 1981The Eighteenth-Century WomanPat Buckley-N/A
December 6, 1982La Belle ÉpoquePat Buckley-N/A
December 5, 1983Yves Saint Laurent: 25 Years of DesignPat Buckley-N/A
December 3, 1984Man and the HorsePat Buckley-N/A
December 9, 1985Costumes of Royal IndiaPat Buckley-N/A
December 8, 1986DancePat Buckley-N/A
December 7, 1987In Style: Celebrating Fifty Years of the Costume InstitutePat Buckley-N/A
December 5, 1988From Queen to Empress: Victorian Dress 1837–1877'Pat Buckley-N/A
December 4, 1989The Age of Napoleon: Costume from Revolution to Empire, 1789–1815'Pat Buckley-N/A
December 3, 1990Théâtre de la Mode – Fashion Dolls: The Survival of Haute CouturePat Buckley-N/A
December 9, 1991No theme, as no concurrent costume exhibition was heldPat Buckley-N/A
December 7, 1992Pat Buckley-N/A
December 6, 1993Diana Vreeland: Immoderate StylePat Buckley-N/A
December 5, 1994Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western dressPat Buckley, Oscar de la Renta, Bill Blass-N/A
December 4, 1995Haute CoutureAnna Wintour, Annette de la Renta, Clarissa BronfmanKarl Lagerfeld, Gianni VersaceN/A
December 9, 1996Christian DiorElizabeth Tilberis, Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece, Helene David-Weill-N/A
December 8, 1997Gianni VersaceAnna Wintour, Julia Koch, Patrick McCarthy-N/A
December 7, 1998Cubism and FashionAnna Wintour, Miuccia Prada, Paula Cussi, Pia Getty-N/A
December 6, 1999Rock StyleAnna Wintour, Tommy Hilfiger, Aerin Lauder-N/A
April 23, 2001Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House YearsAnna Wintour, Christina and Lindsay Owen-Jones, Annette and Oscar de la Renta, Carolina HerreraCaroline Kennedy and Edwin A. SchlossbergN/A
April 28, 2003Goddess: The Classical ModeAnna Wintour, Tom Ford, Nicole Kidman-N/A
April 26, 2004Dangerous Liaisons: Fashion and Furniture in the 18th Century-Jacob Rothschild, Jayne WrightsmanN/A
May 2, 2005The House of ChanelAnna Wintour, Karl Lagerfeld, Nicole KidmanCaroline, Princess of HanoverN/A
May 1, 2006Anna Wintour, Christopher Bailey, Sienna MillerRose Marie Bravo, The Duke of DevonshireN/A
May 7, 2007Poiret: King of FashionAnna Wintour, Cate Blanchett, Nicolas GhesquièreFrançois-Henri PinaultN/A
May 5, 2008Anna Wintour, George Clooney, Julia RobertsGiorgio ArmaniN/A
May 4, 2009Anna Wintour, Kate Moss, Justin TimberlakeMarc JacobsN/A
May 3, 2010Anna Wintour, Oprah Winfrey, Patrick Robinson-Lady Gaga
May 2, 2011Anna Wintour, Colin Firth, Stella McCartneyFrançois-Henri Pinault and Salma HayekFlorence and the Machine
May 7, 2012Schiaparelli and Prada: Impossible ConversationsAnna Wintour, Carey Mulligan, Miuccia PradaJeff BezosBruno Mars
May 6, 2013Punk: Chaos to CoutureAnna Wintour, Rooney Mara, Lauren Santo Domingo, Riccardo TisciBeyoncéKanye West
May 5, 2014Charles James: Beyond FashionAerin Lauder, Anna Wintour, Bradley Cooper, Oscar de la Renta, Sarah Jessica Parker, Lizzie and Jonathan Tisch-Frank Ocean
May 4, 2015Anna Wintour, Jennifer Lawrence, Gong Li, Marissa Mayer, Wendi MurdochSilas ChouRihanna
May 2, 2016Anna Wintour, Taylor Swift, Idris Elba, Jonathan IveNicolas Ghesquière, Karl Lagerfeld, Miuccia PradaThe Weeknd
May 1, 2017Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-BetweenAnna Wintour, Gisele Bündchen and Tom Brady, Katy Perry, Pharrell WilliamsRei KawakuboKaty Perry
May 7, 2018Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic ImaginationAnna Wintour, Amal Clooney, Rihanna, Donatella VersaceChristine and Stephen A. SchwarzmanMadonna
May 6, 2019Anna Wintour, Lady Gaga, Harry Styles, Serena Williams, Alessandro Michele-Cher
TBAAbout Time: Fashion and DurationAnna Wintour, Meryl Streep, Emma Stone, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Nicolas Ghesquiere-TBA

Controversy

Models Naomi Campbell and Stephanie Seymour pulled out of attending the 2009 Gala at the last minute, in a show of support for designer Azzedine Alaïa. After he found out that none of his work was included in the Costume Institute exhibit, Alaïa asked the models not to wear the dresses he had designed for them to the gala and they chose not to attend altogether. Alaïa was well-known for his close relationships with models so his exclusion from the "Model as Muse" exhibit was seen as a snub. He criticized Wintour for having "too much power over this museum."
When the Met Gala announced a white tie dress code in 2014, a number of media outlets pointed out the difficulty and expense of obtaining traditional white tie, even for the celebrity guests.
In 2015, the theme "China: Through the Looking Glass" was previously named "Chinese Whispers: Tales of the East in Art, Film and Fashion". The same year's theme was met with critics saying it was "A reminder of the subtle institutionalised racism that's been compounded by centuries of Asian isolationism across the board, and enduring Western stereotypes exacerbated by ignorance and the meme-able nature of social media."
In 2016, Madonna, whilst channeling the theme "Manus x Machina: Fashion in an Age of Technology", provided one of the most controversial outfits in the gala's history. She appeared in an ensemble designed by Givenchy creative director Riccardo Tisci exposing both her breasts and buttocks. Madonna hit back on her official social media channels by stating "We have fought and continue to fight for civil rights and gay rights around the world. When it comes to women’s rights we are still in the dark ages. My dress at the Met Ball was a political statement as well as a fashion statement".
The 2018 Gala had a Roman Catholic theme, and included Rihanna wearing a papal mitre. Critics on social media called it "blasphemous" and "sacrilegious cosplay", even though the Catholic Church lent more than forty papal vestments from the Vatican, and Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan attended. Kyle Smith argued that the Catholic Church was in fact "abetting the mockery of its symbols".
As of 2018, Wintour announced that guests may not be allowed to attend the gala before the age of 18.