Meneghino is a traditional character of the Italiancommedia dell'arte, associated to the city ofMilan. As such, it also plays a major role in the Milanese celebrations of Carnival and in local marionette traditional shows. It is uncertain whether his name is just a diminutive form of Domenico or a reference to the domenighini, a word used in Milan to refer to the servants that accompanied the faithful to masses on Sundays. Meneghino is in fact a witty servant, but he is mostly characterized by honesty, sincerity and a strong sense of justice. He is usually represented as wearing a cocked three-cornered hat, a pony-tailed wig, short green pants, red-white striped stockings, black shoes with buckles, a white shirt, a yellow or otherwise colorful flowered vest, a long jacket, and an umbrella. Meneghino's sincerity is also symbolized by the fact that, unlike most commedia dell'artecharacters, he doesn't wear a mask. While originally a servant, Meneghino has actually taken on different roles on stage, including that of the master, the peasant, and the merchant. In Carnival parades, he is often accompanied by his wife Cecca. The character was first popularized by Milanese writer Carlo Maria Maggi, who also gave him the surname Pecenna, a Milanese word which means "hairdresser" but also conveys an implicit critique to the vanity and shallowness of aristocracy and clergy. The character was further developed by Milanese poet Carlo Porta, who used it in several works, including his debut El lavapiatt del Meneghin ch'è mort. Porta also developed the anti-clerical traits of the character in works such as Meneghin biroeu di ex monegh. Meneghino thus eventually became the embodiment of the Milanese's critical attitude towards the powerful, the rich, and the oppressors of the people. As a consequence, in the years that led to the Italian unification, he became a symbol of the Milanese revolutionary movement against the Austrian oppression.
Nowadays, Meneghino is the prominent commedia character and carnival mask representing Milan, having gradually replaced an older character Beltrame, more akin to Brighella. The word meneghino has become a common antonomasia to refer to Milanese people and matters, as well as the Milanese language itself. Recently, a new model of trains called Meneghini have been introduced in the Milan Metrosubway system.
