May 31 Events 455 - Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome . 1223 - Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans . 1293 - Mongol invasion of Java was a punitive expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari , who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the Mongols . Regarded as establish City of Surabaya 1578 - King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf , the oldest bridge of Paris, France. 1669 - Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary . 1775 - American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina . 1790 - Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca . 1790 - The United States enacts its first copyright statute , the Copyright Act of 1790 . 1795 - French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed. 1805 - French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock . 1813 - In Australia, William Lawson , Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland , effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains . 1859 - The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament , which houses Big Ben , starts keeping time. 1862 - American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside Richmond, Virginia . 1864 - American Civil War: Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac . 1879 - Gilmore's Garden in New York City is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue . 1884 - The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao , King of Maoris , to claim the protection of Queen Victoria . 1889 - Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania . 1902 - Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa. 1909 - The National Negro Committee , forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People , convenes for the first time . 1910 - The South Africa Act comes into force, establishing the Union of South Africa . 1911 - The RMS Titanic is launched in Belfast , Northern Ireland . 1911 - The President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the Mexican Revolution . 1916 - World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet engages the High Seas Fleet in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive. 1921 - The Tulsa race massacre kills at least 39, but other estimates of black fatalities vary from 55 to about 300. 1935 - A 7.7 earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000. 1941 - Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns 'Abd al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II . 1942 - World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney , Australia. 1947 - Ferenc Nagy , the democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary , resigns from office after blackmail from the Hungarian Communist Party accusing him of being part of a plot against the state. This grants the Communists effective control of the Hungarian government. 1961 - The South African Constitution of 1961 becomes effective, thus creating the Republic of South Africa , which remains outside the Commonwealth of Nations until 1 June 1994 , when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership. 1961 - In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society. 1962 - The West Indies Federation dissolves. 1970 - The 7.9 Ancash earthquake shakes Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII and a landslide buries the town of Yungay, Peru . Between 66,794–70,000 were killed and 50,000 were injured. 1971 - In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968 , observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional Memorial Day of May 30 . 1973 - The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia , hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War . 1977 - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is completed. 1985 - United States–Canada tornado outbreak: Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio , Pennsylvania , New York, and Ontario , leaving 76 dead. 1991 - Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM II mission. 2005 - Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was "Deep Throat". 2008 - Usain Bolt breaks the world record in the 100m sprint, with a wind-legal 9.72 seconds 2010 - Israeli Shayetet 13 commandos boarded the Gaza Freedom Flotilla while still in international waters trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip ; nine Turkish citizens on the flotilla were killed in the ensuing violent affray. 2013 - The asteroid 1998 QE2 and its moon make their closest approach to Earth for the next two centuries. 2013 - A record breaking 2.6 mile wide tornado strikes El Reno, Oklahoma , United States, causing eight fatalities and over 150 injuries. 2017 - A car bomb explodes in a crowded intersection in Kabul near the German embassy during rush hour, killing over 90 and injuring 463. 2017 – U.S. President Donald Trump tweets the word "covfefe" and quickly becomes a worldwide viral phenomenon . 2019 - A shooting occurs inside a municipal building at Virginia Beach , Virginia, leaving 13 people dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.Births 1443 - Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby 1462 - Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg 1469 - Manuel I of Portugal 1535 - Alessandro Allori , Italian painter 1556 - Jerzy Radziwiłł , Catholic cardinal 1577 - Nur Jahan , Empress consort of the Mughal Empire 1613 - John George II, Elector of Saxony 1640 - Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki , King of Poland 1641 - Patriarch Dositheos II of Jerusalem 1725 - Ahilyabai Holkar , Queen of the Malwa Kingdom under the Maratha Empire 1732 - Count Hieronymus von Colloredo , Austrian archbishop 1753 - Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud , French lawyer and politician 1754 - Andrea Appiani , Italian painter and educator 1773 - Ludwig Tieck , German poet, author, and critic 1801 - Johann Georg Baiter , Swiss philologist and scholar 1815 - Adye Douglas , English-Australian cricketer and politician, 15th Premier of Tasmania 1818 - John Albion Andrew , American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Massachusetts 1819 - Walt Whitman , American poet, essayist, and journalist 1827 - Kusumoto Ine , first Japanese female doctor of Western medicine 1835 - Hijikata Toshizō , Japanese commander 1838 - Henry Sidgwick , English economist and philosopher 1842 - John Cox Bray , Australian politician, 15th Premier of South Australia 1847 - William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie , Canadian-Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of Belfast 1852 - Francisco Moreno , Argentinian explorer and academic 1852 - Julius Richard Petri , German microbiologist, invented the Petri dish 1857 - Pope Pius XI 1858 - Graham Wallas , English socialist, social psychologist, and educationalist 1860 - Walter Sickert , English painter 1863 - Francis Younghusband , Indian-English captain and explorer 1866 - John Ringling , American entrepreneur; one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus 1875 - Rosa May Billinghurst , British suffragette and women's rights activist 1879 - Frances Alda , New Zealand-Australian soprano 1882 - Sándor Festetics , Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of War 1883 - Lauri Kristian Relander , Finnish politician, 2nd President of Finland 1885 - Robert Richards , Australian politician, 32nd Premier of South Australia 1887 - Saint-John Perse , French poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate 1892 - Michel Kikoine , Belarusian-French painter 1892 - Erich Neumann , German lieutenant and politician 1892 - Konstantin Paustovsky , Russian poet and author 1892 - Gregor Strasser , German lieutenant and politician 1894 - Fred Allen , American comedian, radio host, game show panelist, and author 1898 - Norman Vincent Peale , American minister and author 1900 - Lucile Godbold , American Olympic athlete 1901 - Alfredo Antonini , Italian-American conductor and composer 1908 - Don Ameche , American actor 1909 - Art Coulter , Canadian-American ice hockey player 1911 - Maurice Allais , French economist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate 1912 - Chien-Shiung Wu , Chinese-American experimental physicist 1914 - Akira Ifukube , Japanese composer and educator 1916 - Bert Haanstra , Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter 1918 - Robert Osterloh , American actor 1918 - Lloyd Quarterman , African American chemist 1919 - Robie Macauley , American editor, novelist and critic 1921 - Edna Doré , English actress 1921 - Andrew Grima , Anglo-Italian jewellery designer 1921 - Howard Reig , American radio and television announcer 1921 - Alida Valli , Austrian-Italian actress and singer 1922 - Denholm Elliott , English-Spanish actor 1923 - Ellsworth Kelly , American painter and sculptor 1923 - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco 1925 - Julian Beck , American actor and director 1927 - James Eberle , English admiral 1927 - Michael Sandberg, Baron Sandberg , English lieutenant and banker 1928 - Pankaj Roy , Indian cricketer 1929 - Menahem Golan , Israeli director and producer 1930 - Clint Eastwood , American actor, director, musician, and producer 1931 - John Robert Schrieffer , American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1931 - Shirley Verrett , American soprano and actress 1932 - Ed Lincoln , Brazilian pianist, bassist, and composer 1932 - Jay Miner , American computer scientist and engineer 1933 - Henry B. Eyring, American religious leader, educator, and author 1934 - Jim Hutton , American actor 1935 - Jim Bolger , New Zealand businessman and politician, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand 1938 - Johnny Paycheck , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1938 - John Prescott , British sailor and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1938 - Peter Yarrow , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1939 - Terry Waite , English humanitarian and author 1940 - Anatoliy Bondarchuk , Ukrainian hammer thrower and coach 1940 - Augie Meyers , American musician and singer-songwriter 1940 - Gilbert Shelton , American illustrator 1941 - June Clark , Welsh nurse and educator 1941 - Louis Ignarro , American pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1941 - William Nordhaus , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1943 - Sharon Gless , American actress 1943 - Joe Namath , American football player, sportscaster, and actor 1945 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder , German actor, director, and screenwriter 1945 - Laurent Gbagbo , Ivorian academic and politician, 4th President of Côte d'Ivoire 1945 - Bernard Goldberg , American journalist and author 1946 - Ted Baehr , American publisher and critic 1946 - Steve Bucknor , Jamaican cricketer and umpire 1946 - Krista Kilvet , Estonian journalist, politician, and diplomat 1946 - Debbie Moore , English model and businesswoman 1947 - Junior Campbell , Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1947 - Gabriele Hinzmann , German discus thrower 1948 - Svetlana Alexievich , Belarusian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate 1948 - John Bonham , English musician, songwriter and drummer 1948 - Martin Hannett , English bass player, guitarist, and record producer 1948 - Duncan Hunter , American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician 1949 - Tom Berenger , American actor, film producer and television writer 1950 - Jean Chalopin , French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded DIC Entertainment 1950 - Gregory Harrison , American actor 1950 - Edgar Savisaar , Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior 1951 - Karl-Hans Riehm , German hammer thrower 1952 - Karl Bartos , German singer-songwriter and keyboard player 1953 - Pirkka-Pekka Petelius , Finnish actor and screenwriter 1954 - Thomas Mavros , Greek footballer 1954 - Vicki Sue Robinson , American actress and singer 1955 - Tommy Emmanuel , Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1955 - Susie Essman , American actress, comedian, and screenwriter 1956 - Fritz Hilpert , German drummer and composer 1956 - John Young , English singer-songwriter and keyboard player 1957 - Jim Craig , American ice hockey player 1959 - Andrea de Cesaris , Italian racing driver 1959 - Phil Wilson , English politician 1960 - Greg Adams , Canadian ice hockey player and businessman 1960 - Chris Elliott , American actor, comedian, and screenwriter 1960 - Peter Winterbottom , English rugby player 1961 - Ray Cote , Canadian ice hockey player 1961 - Justin Madden , Australian footballer and politician 1961 - Lea Thompson , American actress, director, and producer 1962 - Corey Hart , Canadian singer-songwriter and producer 1963 - David Leigh , holder of the Sir Samuel Hall Chair of Chemistry at the University of Manchester 1963 - Viktor Orbán , Hungarian politician, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary 1963 - Wesley Willis , American singer-songwriter and keyboard player 1964 - Leonard Asper , Canadian lawyer and businessman 1964 - Stéphane Caristan , French hurdler and coach 1964 - Yukio Edano , Japanese politician, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs 1964 - Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, American rapper and producer 1965 - Brooke Shields , American model, actress, and producer 1966 - Roshan Mahanama , Sri Lankan cricketer and referee 1967 - Phil Keoghan , New Zealand television host and producer 1967 - Kenny Lofton , American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster 1971 - Arun Luthra , Indo-Anglo-American saxophonist, konnakol artist, composer, and arranger 1972 - Christian McBride , American bassist and record producer 1972 - Archie Panjabi , Indo-British actress 1972 - Frode Estil , Norwegian skier 1972 - Antti Niemi , Finnish international footballer, goalkeeper and coach 1972 - Dave Roberts , American baseball player and coach 1974 - Hiroiki Ariyoshi , Japanese comedian and singer 1974 - Chad Campbell , American golfer 1975 - Mac Suzuki , Japanese baseball player 1976 - Colin Farrell , Irish actor 1976 - Matt Harpring , American basketball player and sportscaster 1977 - Theodoros Baev , Bulgarian-Greek volleyball player 1977 - Domenico Fioravanti , Italian swimmer 1977 - Eric Christian Olsen , American actor 1977 - Moses Sichone , Zambian footballer 1977 - Petr Tenkrát , Czech ice hockey player 1979 - Jean-François Gillet , Belgian footballer 1981 - Mikael Antonsson , Swedish footballer 1981 - Daniele Bonera , Italian footballer 1981 - Jake Peavy , American baseball player 1981 - Marlies Schild , Austrian skier 1984 - Andrew Bailey , American baseball player 1984 - Milorad Čavić , Serbian swimmer 1984 - Nate Robinson , American basketball player 1985 - Jordy Nelson , American football player 1986 - Robert Gesink , Dutch cyclist 1989 - Marco Reus , German footballer 1990 - Erik Karlsson , Swedish ice hockey player 1992 - Michaël Bournival , Canadian ice hockey player 1992 - Laura Ikauniece , Latvian heptathlete 1996 - Normani Korde , American singer 1998 - Santino Ferrucci , American race car driverDeaths 455 - Petronius Maximus, Roman emperor 930 - Liu Hua , princess of Southern Han 960 - Fujiwara no Morosuke , Japanese statesman 1076 - Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria , English politician 1089 - Sigwin von Are , archbishop of Cologne 1162 - Géza II , king of Hungary 1321 - Birger , king of Sweden 1326 - Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley 1329 - Albertino Mussato , Italian statesman and writer 1349 - Thomas Wake , English politician 1370 - Vitalis of Assisi , Italian hermit and monk 1408 - Ashikaga Yoshimitsu , Japanese shōgun 1410 - Martin of Aragon , Spanish king 1504 - Engelbert II of Nassau 1558 - Philip Hoby , English general and diplomat 1567 - Guido de Bres , Belgian pastor and theologian 1594 - Tintoretto , Italian painter and educator 1601 - Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg , Archbishop-Elector of Cologne 1640 - Zeynab Begum , Safavid princess 1665 - Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter 1680 - Joachim Neander , German theologian and educator 1740 - Frederick William I of Prussia 1747 - Andrey Osterman , German-Russian politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1809 - Joseph Haydn , Austrian pianist and composer 1809 - Jean Lannes , French general 1831 - Samuel Bentham , English architect and engineer 1832 - Évariste Galois , French mathematician and theorist 1837 - Joseph Grimaldi , English actor, comedian and dancer, 1846 - Philip Marheineke , German pastor and philosopher 1847 - Thomas Chalmers , Scottish minister and economist 1848 - Eugénie de Guérin , French author 1899 - Stefanos Koumanoudis , Greek archaeologist, teacher and writer 1908 - Louis-Honoré Fréchette , Canadian author, poet, and politician 1909 - Thomas Price , Welsh-Australian politician, 24th Premier of South Australia 1910 - Elizabeth Blackwell , English-American physician and educator 1931 - Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau , Canadian cardinal 1931 - Willy Stöwer , German author and illustrator 1945 - Odilo Globocnik , Italian-Austrian SS officer 1954 - Antonis Benakis , Greek art collector and philanthropist, founded the Benaki Museum 1957 - Stefanos Sarafis , Greek general and politician 1957 - Leopold Staff , Polish poet and academic 1960 - Willem Elsschot , Flemish author and poet 1960 - Walther Funk , German economist, journalist, and politician, German Minister of Economics 1962 - Henry F. Ashurst, American lawyer and politician 1967 - Billy Strayhorn , American pianist and composer 1970 - Terry Sawchuk , Canadian-American ice hockey player 1976 - Jacques Monod , French biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate 1977 - William Castle , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1978 - József Bozsik , Hungarian footballer and manager 1981 - Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth , English economist and journalist 1982 - Carlo Mauri , Italian mountaineer and explorer 1983 - Jack Dempsey , American boxer and lieutenant 1985 - Gaston Rébuffat , French mountaineer and author 1986 - Jane Frank , American painter and sculptor 1986 - James Rainwater , American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1987 - John Abraham , Indian director and screenwriter 1989 - Owen Lattimore , American author and academic 1989 - C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and historian 1993 - Honey Tree Evil Eye , or, Spud Mackenzie , a Bull Terrier , dies of kidney failure. 1994 - Uzay Heparı , Turkish actor, producer, and composer 1994 - Herva Nelli , Italian-American soprano 1995 - Stanley Elkin , American novelist, short story writer, and essayist 1996 - Timothy Leary , American psychologist and author 1998 - Charles Van Acker , Belgian-American race car driver 2000 - Petar Mladenov , Bulgarian diplomat, 1st President of Bulgaria 2000 - Tito Puente , American jazz musician 2000 - A. Jeyaratnam Wilson, Sri Lankan historian, author, and academic 2001 - Arlene Francis , American actress, talk show host , game show panelist, and television personality 2002 - Subhash Gupte , Indian cricketer 2004 - Aiyathurai Nadesan , Sri Lankan journalist 2004 - Robert Quine , American guitarist 2004 - Étienne Roda-Gil , French screenwriter and composer 2006 - Miguel Ortiz Berrocal , Spanish sculptor 2006 - Raymond Davis, Jr., American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate 2009 - Danny La Rue , Irish-British drag queen performer and singer 2009 - George Tiller , American physician 2010 - Louise Bourgeois , French-American sculptor and painter 2010 - Brian Duffy , English photographer and producer 2010 - William A. Fraker, American director, producer, and cinematographer 2010 - Rubén Juárez , Argentinian singer-songwriter and bandoneón player 2010 - Merata Mita , New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter 2011 - Pauline Betz , American tennis player 2011 - Jonas Bevacqua , American fashion designer, co-founded the Lifted Research Group 2011 - Derek Hodge , Virgin Islander lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands 2011 - Hans Keilson , German-Dutch psychoanalyst and author 2011 - John Martin , English admiral and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey 2011 - Andy Robustelli , American football player and manager 2012 - Christopher Challis , English cinematographer 2012 - Randall B. Kester, American lawyer and judge 2012 - Paul Pietsch , German racing driver and publisher 2012 - Orlando Woolridge , American basketball player and coach 2013 - Gerald E. Brown, American physicist and academic 2013 - Frederic Lindsay , Scottish author and educator 2013 - Miguel Méndez , American author and poet 2013 - Tim Samaras , American engineer and storm chaser 2013 - Jairo Mora Sandoval , Costa Rican environmentalist 2013 - Jean Stapleton , American actress 2014 - Marilyn Beck , American journalist 2014 - Marinho Chagas , Brazilian footballer and coach 2014 - Hoss Ellington , American race car driver 2014 - Martha Hyer , American actress 2014 - Lewis Katz , American businessman and philanthropist 2014 - Mary Soames, Baroness Soames , English author 2015 - Gladys Taylor , Canadian author and publisher 2016 - Mohamed Abdelaziz , President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 2016 - Jan Crouch , American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network 2016 - Carla Lane , English television writer 2016 - Rupert Neudeck , German journalist and humanitarianHolidays and observances Anniversary of Royal Brunei Malay Regiment Christian feast day: *Camilla Battista da Varano *Hermias *Petronella *Visitation of Mary *May 31 The beginning of Gawai Dayak World No Tobacco Day
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