Marti Kheel
Marti Kheel was a vegan ecofeminist activist scholar credited with founding Feminists for Animal Rights in California in 1982. She authored several books in deep ecology and ecofeminism, including Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective and several widely cited articles in college courses and related scholarship, such as "The Liberation of Nature: A Circular Affair", "From Heroic to Holistic Ethics: The Ecofeminist Challenge", and "From Healing Herbs to Deadly Drugs: Western Medicine's War Against the Natural World". She was a long-time vegan in diet, lifestyle, and philosophical commitments, working out her understanding of its implications in every area of our human relationships with nature and its constituents, and she found a wide audience for those deep reflections. Reportedly, she had pursued a raw vegan diet later in her life. Her pioneering scholarship in ecofeminist ethics is foundational for continuing work in these fields.
Early life
Dr. Marti Kheel was one of six children born to Labor Mediator Theodore W. Kheel, and journalist and civic leader Ann Sunstein Kheel, who passed in 2003.She was born in New York City on August 25, 1948. She is described as being "drawn to other–than–human animals." She related on her website how, around 1960, when she was twelve years old, she first protested on behalf of animals when she refused to be photographed in a family photograph without her cat, Booty–tat. She became vegetarian in 1973 through a developing awareness occasioned, by a series of troubling experiences in restaurants and grocery stores, in which she became increasingly aware of the living beings who were defined as "meat" and killed for that interpretation. Four years later, she joined the grass–roots Animal Liberation Collective while living in Montreal, and explored a wide spectrum of animal abuse issues. She became a vegan as she progressively grew more aware of the horrific treatment of nonhumans on farms and in human society's systematic oppression of nonhumans.
She co–founded Feminists for Animal Rights in California in 1982, to which she had relocated, hoping to bridge women's and animal advocacy movements. That same year, she developed a slideshow paralleling how women and other–than–human animals are viewed under hierarchical domination characteristic of 'patriarchal' society. Under the auspices of FAR, which she cofounded, the presentation has since been shown throughout the United States and abroad. Over the years, FAR grew into a national organization with regional offices throughout and beyond the United States with a message of 'shared oppression' that continues to inspire, although FAR is not currently active.
Education
- B.A., University of Wisconsin
- M.A., McGill University
- Ph.D., Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA
Publications
BOOK. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008..
Outline, Excerpts, and Reviews of :
- "Direct Action and the Heroic Ideal: An Ecofeminist Critique." In Igniting a Revolution: Voices in Defense of the Earth, edited by Anthony J. Nocella and Steve Best, 306–318. Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2006. .
- "Vegetarianism and Ecofeminism: Toppling Patriarchy with a Fork." In Food for Thought: The Debate Over Eating Meat, edited by Steve F. Sapontzis, 327–341. Amherst, NY: , 2004. .
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- "License to Kill: An Ecofeminist Critique of Hunters' Discourse." In Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan, 85–125. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995. .
- "From Heroic to Holistic Ethics: The Ecofeminist Challenge." [PDF] In Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature, edited by Greta Gaard, 243–271. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. Reprinted in Feminist Philosophies: Problems Theories and Applications, 2nd ed., edited by Janet A. Kourany, James P. Sterba, and Rosemarie Tong, 462–472, and Earth Ethics: Environmental Ethics, Animal Rights and Practical Applications, 2nd ed., edited by James P. Sterba, 199–212. .
- "Ecofeminism and Deep Ecology: Reflections on Identity and Difference." InReweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism, edited by Irene Diamond and Gloria Orenstein, 128–137. San Francisco: Sierra Club Publishers, 1990. Reprinted in Covenant for a New Creation: Ethics, Religion, and Public Policy, edited by Carol Robb and Carl Casebolt, 141–164, and in The Trumpeter: A Journal of Ecosophy 8, no. 2 : 55–63.
- "From Healing Herbs to Deadly Drugs: Western Medicine's War Against the Natural World." In Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism, edited by Judith Plant, 96–111. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1989. Reprinted in The Townshend Letter for Doctors 102 : 1, 9–15, and in Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics, edited by Alison M. Jaggar, 650–657. Translated into Chinese by Wu Pei for Environment and Society 3.4 : 55–63. .
- Communicating Care: An Ecofeminist Perspective," Media Development : 45–50. .
- "World Day for Laboratory Animals." Between the Species 3.
- "The Killing Game: An Ecofeminist Critique of Hunting." Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 23, no. 1 : 30–44. Reprinted in The Animal Ethics Reader, edited by Susan J. Armstrong and Richard G. Botzler, 390–399. .
- "If Women and Animals Were Heard." Feminists for Animal Rights Semiannual Publication 5 : 1, 10.
- "Liberazione Animale Ed Etica Ambientale puo L'Ecofeminismo Accorciare Le Distanza?" . Translated by Paola Cavalieri. Etica e Animali 11, no. 1.
- "Animal Liberation Is a Feminist Issue." The New Catalyst Quarterly 10 : 8–9.
- "Befriending the Beast." Creation 3 : 11–14.
- "The Liberation of Nature: A Circular Affair." Environmental Ethics 7 : 135–149. Reprinted inAnimal Rights and Human Obligations, 2nd ed., edited by Tom Regan and Peter Singer, 256–265 ; in Thirteen Questions in Ethics, edited by G. Lee Bowie, Kathleen Huggins, and Meredith Michaels, 515–523 ; and in The Feminist Care Tradition in Animal Ethics, edited by Josephine Donovan and Carol J. Adams, 39–53.
- "Speaking the Unspeakable: Sexism in the Animal Rights Movement." Feminists for Animal Rights Newsletter 2 : 1–7.
- "An/Aesthetics: The Re–Presentation of Women and Animals." Between the Species1 : 37–45.
Lecture appearances
- Monday, June 27, 2011 – 7:00 pm – Presentation on Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective at Red Emma's Bookstore Coffeehouse in Baltimore, MD. | .
- June 4–12, 2011 – "Gender, Flesh and Dietary Identity." Presentation at the International Vegan Festival, Malaga, Spain. .
- December 1, 2010 – "Is Moral Concern for Animals 'sustainable'?" Presentation for the Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies series at the University of Cincinnati, organized by assistant professor and funded by the Faculty Development Council. .
- October 19, 2010 – "The Contribution of Ecofeminism to Animal Ethics." Presentation at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil .
- October 9–12, 2010 – "Coming Out Vegan: What Animal Activists Can Learn from the Lesbian and Gay Movements," and "The Ecology of Social Change: Lessons for Animal Activists." Presentations at Encontro Nacional de Direitos Animais, Porangaba, Brazil. .
- July 15–19, 2010 – Two presentations at the Animal Rights 2010 National Conference, Alexandria, VA. "Lunch with the Authors" will take place on July 17. The other authors include , Melanie Joy, Roberta Kalechofsky, and . "Commonality in the Oppression of Animals, Children, Women, Minorities" panel presentation will take place on July 18. Other panelists include pattrice jones, , and lauren Ornelas. .
- May 2, 2010 online interview for on ecofemininism and reclaiming our capacity for empathy. This video interview outlines how Dr. Kheel's life helped her configure her worldview of compassion and sensitivity towards others.
- April 7, 2010 — 8:00PM – Feminist Perspectives on Veganism," a free public lecture at Georgetown University, White Gravenor Hall, Room 206, Washington DC. Sponsored by the .
- April 16, 2010 – "Religious and Spiritual Reflections on Seeing and Being Seen by Other Animals," panel presentation at "Troubling Recognition: Seeing Animals, Seeing Ourselves," the 2nd Annual "Do Unto Others" Animals and Religion Conference. Chapman University, Orange, CA. .
- April 17, 2010 – "Feminism and Animal Liberation: Making the Links," presentation at the 2nd annual Animal Liberation Forum. Sponsored by Cease Animal Torture, California State University, and Long Beach University. https://vimeo.com/15088578 More details].
- February 18, 2010 — 5:00PM–7:00PM – "Author-Meets-Critic: Marti Kheel's Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective," panel presentation at the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL. Sponsored by the International Society for Environmental Ethics, held in conjunction with the Central Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association.
- November 3, 2009 – 6:30 pm – "Ecofeminism and Conservation Management: A Contradiction in Terms?" Noel Fine Arts Center, Room 221, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Sponsored by the UWSP Department of Philosophy, Office of Multicultural Affairs, and Women's Studies Department. .
- July 26, 2009 – "Ecofeminism and Animal Ethics," presentation at Kindness House, Melbourne, Australia. Sponsored by the .
- July 13–18, 2009 – "Beyond the Model of Abstinence: An Ecofeminist Approach to Veganism," presentation for the . Newcastle, Australia. View the .
- May 20, 2009 – of the on empathy and the ecology of care. This video interview outlines how Dr. Kheel's life helped her configure her worldview of compassion and sensitivity towards others.
- February 4, 2009 – "Women, Nature, and Animals: Ecofeminist Reflections," a presentation for a series on Gender. . Sponsored by the Equal Opportunities Office of Osnabruek University. .
- November 1–3, 2008 – "Feminist Perspectives on Vegetarianism: Beyond the Model of Abstinence," a paper for the . Chicago, IL.
- October 30, 2008 – 7:30 pm – Book Reading at . Chicago, IL. .
- October 8–11 – Presentation on "Ethics and Ecofeminism: A Perspective on the Animal Rights Debate. 1 World Congress on Bioethics and Animal Rights Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Sponsored by the Instituto Abolicionista Animal.
- October 4–5, 2008 – "Toppling Patriarchy with a Fork: The Radical Potential of Veganism," a presentation at . San Francisco, CA.
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