Madtom Madtoms are freshwater catfishes of the genus Noturus of the family Ictaluridae . It is the most species-rich family of catfish in North America , native to the central and eastern United States , and adjacent parts of Canada. Their fin spines contain a mild venom with a sting comparable to that of a honey bee .Nearly half the species of madtom catfishes were described in a single comprehensive revision of the group. Morphology is very conserved in this genus; most of the species look very similar and telling them apart with the usual meristic and morphometric characters used to identify species is difficult. The more conspicuously variable attributes of these secretive fishes are features of pigmentation , which also are more difficult to quantify and often vary according to substrate and water quality . These species have small to tiny or fragmented ranges , and aspects of pigmentation are important diagnostic characters of each. Over one-quarter of the recognized species diversity in Noturus remains undescribed. A number of madtom species are narrowly distributed and extremely rare, thus are at great risk of extinction . Noturus trautmani may even be extinct, having been last collected in 1957.Species The 29 recognized species in this genus are: Noturus albater W. R. Taylor , 1969 Noturus baileyi W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus crypticus Burr , Eisenhour & Grady , 2005 Noturus elegans W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus eleutherus D. S. Jordan , 1877 Noturus exilis E. W. Nelson, 1876 Noturus fasciatus Burr, Eisenhour & Grady, 2005 Noturus flavater W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus flavipinnis W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus flavus Rafinesque , 1818 Noturus funebris C. H. Gilbert & Swain , 1891 Noturus furiosus D. S. Jordan & Meek , 1889 Noturus gilberti D. S. Jordan & Evermann , 1889 Noturus gladiator Thomas & Burr, 2004 Noturus gyrinus Noturus hildebrandi Noturus insignis Noturus lachneri W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus leptacanthus D. S. Jordan, 1877 Noturus maydeni Egge , 2006 Noturus miurus D. S. Jordan, 1877 Noturus munitus Suttkus & W. R. Taylor, 1965 Noturus nocturnus D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1886 Noturus phaeus W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus placidus W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus stanauli Etnier & R. E. Jenkins, 1980 Noturus stigmosus W. R. Taylor, 1969 Noturus taylori N. H. Douglas, 1972 Noturus trautmani W. R. Taylor, 1969
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