Lucile Harris Bluford was a famous journalist and opponent of segregation in America's education system, and after whom the Lucile H. Bluford Branch of the Kansas City Public Library is named.
Early Life
Lucile Bluford was born in Salisbury, North Carolina. Bluford's father, John Henry Bluford, was a professor at the state's Agricultural and Technical College. In 1921 when Lucile was 10, and upon the death of his mother, John Bluford accepted a position teaching science at Lincoln High School in Kansas City, Missouri. Lucile attended Wendell Phillips Elementary and Lincoln High School. Thus, at a young age Lucile Bluford was exposed to segregated education, as Missouri was a Jim Crow state that adhered to "separate but equal" doctrine.
Career
Ms. Bluford was encouraged in her interest in journalism by a high school English teacher, Miss Trussie Smothers, at the segregated Lincoln High School. She worked on the school newspaper and yearbook, and after school, at the African American newspaper, the Kansas City Call. She was the valedictorian of her 1928 graduating class. After high school, she attended the University of KansasSchool of Journalism, graduating in 1932, with honors. She went to work for The Daily World in Atlanta, reneging on her promise to work at The Call. Upon returning to Kansas City she went to work for the black owned weekly, The American. Chester A Franklin, founder of The Call, contacted her and told her he had an opening for her at his newspaper. She began working for The Kansas City Call in 1932. She stayed at The Call for the entirety of her career, rising through the ranks until she was the second editor and publisher of the Kansas City Call newspaper. After Franklin's death in 1955, Bluford became part-owner with Franklin's widow, Ada Crogman Franklin, and continued to work at the newspaper until her death. In 1939, Bluford applied to the Master of Journalism program at the renowned Missouri School of Journalism in Columbia, Missouri and was accepted. However, during the ensuing enrollment process, she was dismissed because of her race. At the time Bluford attempted to enroll, African-American students were expected to attend all-black Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri, 30 miles away from the Columbia, Missouri university campus. Lincoln University did not have a journalism program. On October 13, 1939, Bluford made the first of eleven attempts to enter the University of Missouri's program. On October 13, 1939 with the help of Charles Houston of the NAACP, Bluford filed the first of several lawsuits against the University. By 1941 her case had made it to the Missouri Supreme Court but she lost. Citing low attendance because of World War II, the University of Missouri subsequently closed its Journalism Graduate program. Nonetheless, the case prompted the opening of a School of Journalism at Lincoln University.
