Loving County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. With a population of 134 estimate by the United States Census Bureau, Loving County is the second-least populous county in the United States after Kalawao County, Hawaii. Loving County has no incorporated communities; its county seat and only community is Mentone. The county was originally created in 1887, and after being disorganized in 1897, was reorganized in 1931.
History
Prehistorically, the area had many springs with potable water that supported wildlife and nomadic hunters. Antonio de Espejo visited the area in 1583 and crossed the Pecos River. Having surveyed the area in 1854 for a railroad company, John Pope returned in 1855 to start a camp in northwestern Loving County and establish artesian wells in the area, but the venture was unsuccessful and was abandoned in 1861. From 1837 to 1874, the area of modern Loving County was part of the Bexarland district. In 1874, it was separated from Bexar County, becoming a part of Tom Green County. It was separated from Tom Green County in 1887, but for judicial purposes, was left attached to Reeves County. It is the newest organized county in Texas. Loving County is named for Oliver Loving, a cattle rancher and pioneer of the cattle drive, who along with Charles Goodnight, developed the Goodnight-Loving Trail. He was mortally wounded by members of the Comanche nation while on a cattle drive in 1867 in the vicinity of the county. Loving is the only county in Texas to be incorporated twice, first in 1893 and again in 1931. Its initial organization was effected by a canal company founded in Denver, Colorado, and appears to have been based upon fraud and willful misrepresentations made by the founders to state officials. After a local landowner hired a New York City firm to investigate alleged improprieties in county government, the company's organizers fled, taking with them all the county records. The state legislature subsequently disincorporated Loving in 1897, attaching it to Reeves County. Oil was discovered in 1921, leading to a population increase in Loving County. By 1930, it had 195 residents, mostly living in what would become the town of Mentone, which became the county seat when Loving was reconstituted in 1931. By 1933, the population had peaked at 600, only to begin a steady decline that has continued until recently. Loving County was the home of the first elected female sheriff in Texas, Edna Reed Clayton Dewees. Dewees was appointed to the job in January 1945, then won an election to continue in the office through 1947. She never carried a firearm and reported only two arrests during her entire term. Later, she returned as a county district clerk, a job she held from 1965 to 1986. After retirement, she lived on a ranch near Mentone until 22 January 2009, when she died in Del Rio. in the county
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which are land and are covered by water. The Pecos River is the county's western boundary, forming the Red Bluff Reservoir along its northwestern border with Reeves County and Eddy County, New Mexico. The terrain of Loving County is described as flat desert, with a few low hills. Desert shrubs, range grass, and cacti abound, with salt cedars along the river. Elevations vary from above sea level. Loving is the smallest county by area in the Permian Basin region.
As of the census of 2000, 67 people, 31 households, and 19 families lived in the county. The population density was 0.2 people per square mile. The 70 housing units averaged 0.1 per square mile. Of the 67 residents, 60 identified as White, no person identified as Black, African American, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander. Six identified as "some other race", and one person identified as belonging to two or more races. In addition, seven people identified as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin of any race. It is one of only a few counties in the U.S. outside of the Northeast where the largest self-identified ancestry group is Irish American. Of the 31 households, five had children under the age of 18 living with them, 17 were married couples living together, two had a female householder with no husband present, and 11 were not families. Ten households were made up of individuals and two consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Average household size was 2.16, while the average family size was 2.65. In the county, the population was distributed as 13 people under the age of 18, one between 18 and 24, 18 from 25 to 44, 24 from 45 to 64, and 11 who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 10 females, there were 11.61 males. For every 10 females age 18 and over, there were 12.50 males. The median income for a household in the county was $40,000, and for a family was $53,750. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,084. Owing partly to its small and dispersed population, it also has the highest median per capita and household income of any county in Texas. Loving County was the only county in the United States with no people below the poverty line as of 2000. However, as of 2010, this is no longer true. The county had been the least-populous county in the United States, with a 2010 census population of only 82 persons, but the 2015 estimate by the US Census Bureau places it as the second-least populous county in the US. With an average of only 0.0646 inhabitants/km2 as of 2015, the county is also the least-densely populated county outside of Alaska.
Politics
Loving County has voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since 1972, except in 1992, when the county backed independent candidate Ross Perot. The county also backed a third-party candidate in 1968, supporting George Wallace. Allegations of voter fraud have been made concerning Loving County, going back as far as the 1940s.
Economy
Loving County's economy is based almost entirely upon oil and gas drilling, ranching, and county services.
Education
Loving County is served by the Wink-Loving Independent School District. The county's school system was closed and consolidated into Wink's ISD in 1972 because the enrollment had fallen to two pupils.
