Lockheed L-100 Hercules
The Lockheed L-100 Hercules is the civilian variant of the prolific C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft made by the Lockheed Corporation. Its first flight occurred in 1964. Longer L-100-20 and L-100-30 versions were developed. L-100 production ended in 1992 with 114 aircraft delivered. An updated variant of the model, LM-100J, has completed its first flight in Marietta, Georgia on May 25, 2017, and was set to start production in 2018–19.
Development
In 1959, Pan American World Airways ordered 12 of Lockheed's GL-207 Super Hercules to be delivered by 1962, to be powered by four 6,000 eshp Allison T56 turboprops. Slick Airways was to receive 6 such aircraft later in 1962. The Super Hercules was to be longer than the C-130B; a variant powered by 6,445 eshp Rolls-Royce Tynes and a jet-powered variant with four Pratt & Whitney JT3D-11 turbofans were also under development. Both Pan American and Slick Airways cancelled their orders and the other variants did not evolve past design studies.Lockheed decided to produce a commercial variant based on a de-militarised version of the C-130E Hercules. The prototype L-100 first flew on April 20, 1964 when it carried out a 1-hour, 25-minute flight. The type certificate was awarded on February 16, 1965. Twenty-one production aircraft were then built with the first delivery to Continental Air Services on September 30, 1965.
Slow sales led to the development of two new, longer versions, the L-100-20 and L-100-30, both of which were larger and more economical than the original model. Deliveries totaled 114 aircraft, with production ending in 1992. Several L-100-20 aircraft were operated on scheduled freight flights by Delta Air Lines between 1968 and 1973.
An updated civilian version of the Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Super Hercules was under development, but the program was placed on hold indefinitely in 2000 to focus on military development and production. On February 3, 2014, Lockheed Martin formally relaunched the LM-100J program, saying it expects to sell 75 aircraft. Lockheed sees the new LM-100J as an ideal replacement for the existing civil L-100 fleets.
The launch operator for the LM-100J will be Pallas Aviation, from 2019 they will operate two aircraft from Fort Worth Alliance Airport in the United States.
Variants
Civilian variants are equivalent to the C-130E model without pylon tanks or military equipment.;L-100
;L-100
;L-100-20
;L-100-30
;LM-100J
Operators
Civilian operators
In March 2011, a total of 36 Lockheed L-100 Hercules aircraft were in commercial service. Operators include Safair, Lynden Air Cargo, Transafrik, Libyan Arab Air Cargo, and other operators with fewer aircraft.Military operators
In May 2011, 35 Lockheed L-100s were in use with military operators, including:- Indonesian Air Force
- Libyan Air Force
- Algerian Air Force
- Ecuadorian Air Force
- Kuwait Air Force
- Peruvian Air Force
- Philippine Air Force
- Royal Saudi Air Force
- Gabon Air Force
- United Arab Emirates Air Force
- Argentine Air Force
- Free Libyan Air Force
Accidents and incidents
- On April 11, 1968: a Zambian Air Cargo L-100-10 was destroyed in a ground collision with another L-100 at Ndola, when returning from Dar es Salaam due to a brake failure.
- On April 30, 1968: a Pakistan Air Force L-100-20 crashed into a mountain in Pakistan. All ten aboard perished.
- On May 18, 1968: an Aérea-Aerovías Ecuatorianas L-100-20 burned after a propeller struck the ground while taxiing in Macuma, Ecuador. There were no fatalities.
- On July 16, 1969: a Pacific Western Airlines L-100-20 crashed in Cayaya, Peru, after a wing hit the ground during go-around in fog.
- On November 21, 1976: a Pacific Western Airlines L-100-20 crashed in Eastville, Kisangani, Zaire, low fuel, emergency landing in fog at airfield for night and lights off on arrival, not enough fuel to return, let down in jungle, one survivor.
- On February 19, 1978: a Peruvian Air Force L-100-20 crashed when engine shut down during take-off in Tarapoto, Peru.
- On May 15, 1979: a TAAG Angola Airlines L-100-20 damaged when it overshot landing in São Tomé and was written off.
- On September 5, 1980: a Kuwait Air Force L-100-20 crashed near Montelimar in southeastern France due to a lightning strike.
- On April 24, 1981: a Peruvian Air Force L-100-20 had an emergency landing at night, no fuel, near San Juan, Peru.
- On May 16, 1981: an Angola Air Charter L-100-20 was shot down by an infrared missile near Menongue, the provincial center of the Cuando Cubango province, Angola. The cause of the crash was similar to that of the Aeroflot Antonov An-12 four years later.
- On June 9, 1983: a Peruvian Air Force L-100-20 crashed in Puerto Maldonado near southern Peru.
- On June 8, 1986: an Angola Air Charter L-100-20 wheels up landing in Dondo, Angola and was written off.
- On April 8, 1987: a Southern Air Transport L-100-30 crashed due to loss of power in two engines, during an attempted go-around at Travis Air Force Base, California. All 5 people on board died.
- On October 14, 1987: a Zimex Aviation L-100-30 was shot down after take-off in Cuito, Angola.
- On April 9, 1989: a Transafrik L-100-20 had a crash landing at Luena, Moxico Province, Angola due to a fire in two engines.
- On August 1, 1989: an Air Algérie Lockheed L-100-30 was damaged when it skidded off the runway while making an emergency landing in Tamanrasset, Algeria and was written off.
- On January 5, 1990: an Angola Air Charter L-100-20 was hit by an anti-aircraft missile, stalled and crash-landed in Menonque, Angola and was written off.
- On February 27, 1991: a Kuwait Air Force L-100-30 was hit by a bomb, the center fuselage was badly damaged. Transported by road to Kuwait and scrapped in March 1995.
- On March 16, 1991: an L-100-30 leased to Transafrik was shot down by the UNITA FIM-92 Stinger missile in Malanje, Angola.
- On September 17, 1991: an Ethiopian Airlines L-100-30 crashed into a mountain near Arey in the south of Djibouti.
- On April 7, 1994: a TAAG Angola Airlines L-100-20 was damaged beyond repair by fire after landing at Malenge, Angola and overheated its brakes.
- On September 23, 1994: a Heavylift Cargo Service L-100-30 leased from Pelita Air Service, crashed off Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong after the number four propeller oversped, killing six of the 12 on board.
- On December 26, 1998: a Transafrik L-100-30 ) was shot down by UNITA after take-off from Huambo, Angola on an UN mission.
- On January 2, 1999: a Transafrik L-100-30 and operating for the United Nations was shot down by UNITA after take-off from Huambo, Angola.
- On December 27, 1999: a Transafrik L-100-30 ran off a wet runway on landing in Luzamba, Angola, it went into a 40-foot ravine and was written off.
- On December 20, 2001: an Indonesian Air Force L-100-30 was written off during landing in Malikul Saleh when it ran off the runway.
- On August 13, 2006: Air Algérie Flight 2208, a Lockheed L-100-30 Hercules cargo flight crashed in Northern Italy as a result of an autopilot malfunction. The aircraft struck the ground in a sparsely populated area after a very steep and rapid descent, narrowly avoiding crashing into a highly populated zone. All three crew members were killed
- On August 25, 2008: a Philippine Air Force L-100-20 of 220th Airlift Wing based in Mactan, Cebu, crashed into the sea shortly after take-off in Davao City. The aircraft lost contact after taking off from Francisco Bangoy International Airport shortly before midnight. Two pilots and seven crewmen; an Instructor Flight Engineer, student flight engineer, Crew Chief, two Load Masters, a student Load Master, a flight mechanic and two Scout Rangers were on board when the aircraft crashed.
- On May 20, 2009: an Indonesian Air Force L-100-30 of 31st Squadron crashed into homes and erupted in flames, killing at least 98 people. The wreckage of the Hercules was scattered in a rice paddy near Magetan, East Java, about 160 kilometres east of Yogyakarta. The plane was carrying more than 100 passengers and crew on route from Jakarta to the eastern province of Papua via Magetan.
- On October 12, 2010: a Transafrik L-100-20 and operating flight 662 when it crashed into a mountain near Pol-e Charki on a flight from Bagram Air Base to Kabul International Airport, Afghanistan, killing all eight crew.
Specifications (L-100-30)