List of timber framing tools

Gallery

Preparing timbers

• Conversion of logs into timbers was often done by someone other than the timber framer including a lumberjack, sawyer, farmer, or laborer using a variety of tools including:
• * Whipsaw types of rip saws used in the conversion of logs into timbers in a saw pit
• * felling, carpenter's, and broad axes are used in hewing.
• * Sawmill
• * Wood splitting, also called riving uses wedges, splitting mauls, and/or froes.
• Historically most timbers were used green but some went through a process of wood drying using some tools and equipment.

  Marking and measuring tools

• A rule, now better known as a ruler and similar to a yard stick, is used to measure.
• Repeated measurements often use a storey pole
• Carpenter's marks were made with a race knife, chisel, gouge, saw, grease pencil, chalk pencil, or lead pencil.
• Chalk line or ink line used to snap lines on the wood. Ink and a slurry of charcoal were used like chalk.
• Carpenter pencil
• Scratch awl or similar tools were used to scratch lines on wood before the pencil was commonly used beginning in the 19th century in the U.S.
• Try square
• Steel square is also known as a framing square. Historically a square with measurement markings on it was known as a "square rule" which is also a layout method.
• Combination square
• A Plumb-bob on a string is sometimes used with a plumb-rule or plumb-square to measure vertical or horizontal and to transfer marks between timbers while scribing.
• Spirit level
• Dividers Used in measuring and proportioning
• Layout floor - a large, flat surface to mark lines and scribe timbers.

  Hand powered cutting tools

• Saw
• * Crosscut saws to cut timbers to length and in making joints.
• * Japanese saws are special saws used in woodworking including timber framing
• Axes were sometimes used to cut timbers to length and in joinery.
• Hatchet
• Adzes are of many shapes and names.
• Framing Chisels are heavy duty. In Western carpentry common sizes are 1 1/2 and 2 inches wide. They are designed to be struck with a mallet
• A slick is a very large chisel designed to be pushed by hand, not struck.
• drills for boring holes in timber framing were typically T-auger. The cutting edge of the bit can be of many shapes, the spiral auger being the standard shape since the 19th century.
• Timber framers boring machines were invented by 1830 and hold an auger bit. They made mortising easier and faster.
• Draw knives are used to chamfer edges of beams and shape pegs
• Sometimes, particularly in wooden bridge building the pegs were shaped by being driven through a hole in a heavy piece metal.
• Historically timbers meant to be seen in houses were smoothed with a hand plane and decorated with a chamfer or bead.
• Twybil The name literally "two blades", historically rare in the U.S.
• Bisaigue A French tool with similarities to a long handled twybill

  Powered cutting tools

• Circular saw
• Drill
• Band saw
• Router
• Power planers
• * One or two sided stationary rotary, thickness planers in a shop and up to a four-sided planer at a mill.
• * Hand held rotary power planers up to twelve inches wide.
• Chain mortiser
• A few modern framers use computer numerical control machines to cut joinery.
• Chain saw

  Splitting tools

Holding tools

• Shaving horse may be used in making pegs
• Draw-bore pins temporarily hold a frame together during construction.
• Iron dogs or log dogs are used to hold timers during hewing, scribing or historically to repair or reinforce a joint
• Sawhorses, short sawhorses are called ponies.

  Material handling tools and equipment

• Gin pole or shear legs may be used in lifting wall sections or timbers.
• Pike pole used to push wall sections up during a barn raising
• Rope is used to lift or pull objects, sometimes in combination with a windlass, bullwheel, or block and tackle.
• Cranes are sometimes used to lift assemblies and materials.
• Commander or beetel is a large, long handled mallet for forcing timbers together or apart.
• Rollers, carts, or other lifting equipment are used to move the heavy timbers

  Tool maintenance

• file
• sharpening stone
• Grindstone
• hiring a blacksmith
• mechanics tools for general repairs such as repairing power cords, changing bits, etc.

  Access

• Ladder
• Scaffolding
• Aerial work platform

  Safety

• Fall protection
• Hard hat
• Safety glasses
• Hearing protection
• First aid kit