List of tautological place names
A place name is tautological if two differently sounding parts of it are synonymous. This often occurs when a name from one language is imported into another and a standard descriptor is added on from the second language. Thus, for example, New Zealand's Mount Maunganui is tautological since "maunganui" is Māori for "great mountain". The following is a list of place names often used tautologically, plus the languages from which the non-English name elements have come.
Tautological place names are systematically generated in languages such as English and Russian, where the type of the feature is systematically added to a name regardless of whether it contains it already. For example, in Russian, the format "Ozero X-ozero" is used. In English, it is usual to do the same for foreign names, even if they already describe the feature, for example Lake Kemijärvi, or Saaremaa island. On rare occasions, they may be named after a specific individual who shares their name with the feature. Examples include the Outerbridge Crossing across Arthur Kill, named after Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge and the Hall Building on the campus of Concordia University, named after Henry Floss Hall.
Rivers
- River Avon, various in England and Scotland, and Avon River, in various parts of the world
- River Avonbeg, County Wicklow, Ireland
- River Avonmore, County Wicklow, Ireland
- River Awbeg, County Cork, Ireland
- Batang Hari River, Jambi Province, Indonesia
- River Bourne, various in England meaning "River stream".
- Caloosahatchee River, Florida, United States
- Canyon de Chelly, Arizona, United States
- Connecticut River, United States
- Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina, United States
- Cuyahoga River, Ohio
- Fishkill Creek, Catskill Creek, Poestinkill Creek, and Schuylkill River, eastern US
- , northern Spain. Río and flumen are respectively Spanish and Latin for 'river'.
- Futaleufú River, Argentina and Chile.
- Guadalaviar River, Spain
- Guadalentín River, Spain
- Guadalhorce River, Spain
- Guadalquivir River, Spain
- Guadiana River, Spain and Portugal
- Guadix River, Spain
- River Humber, England, and Humber River, Ontario, Canada
- Ipiranga Brook, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latsa erreka, France
- Loxahatchee River, Florida, United States
- Mahanadi, India
- Mississippi River, US, and Mississippi River, Ontario, Canada
- Mekong River - "River River"
- Molopo River, South Africa
- River Ouse, various in England and Scotland.
- Murderkill River, Delaware, US,
- Ohio River, eastern US
- Ow River, County Wicklow, Ireland
- Para Rivers, South Australia
- Paraguay River, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina
- Raritan River, New Jersey
- Reka, Slovenia – the name means literally "river" in Slovene
- Rillito River, Tucson, Pima County, US
- Rio Grande River, Source: San Juan Mountains, Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado, US
- Rječina, Croatia - the name is the augmentative form of the word rijeka, which means "river" in Croatian
- Salkehatchie River, South Carolina, US
- Schuylkill River, Pennsylvania, US – “Schuylkill” meaning “hidden river” in Dutch
- Skookumchuck River and Pilchuck River, Washington, US – the suffix chuck in Chinook Jargon meaning "river"
- Talkeetna River located in Talkeetna, Alaska, meaning "river of plenty"
- Uruguay River, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina
- Upė, Lithuania – the name means literally "river" in Lithuanian
- Vaslui River, Romania – uj meant "body of water" in Cuman
- Walla Walla River, Washington, US
- Withlacoochee River, Withlacoochee probably comes from the Muskogean word meaning "little river."
- Bakkárholtsá in the Ölfus region of Iceland. The river was originally named Bakká, "Bank River", and then a farm nearby was named Bakkárholt, "Bank River Hill". The river was then later renamed after the farm as Bakkárholtsá, which translates to "Bank River Hill River"
- Most river names in the Sundanese portion of Java, Indonesia start with the prefix ci-, which is Sundanese for "river". Many people refer the names redundantly using both the Indonesian word sungai and prefix ci-, for example, Sungai Ciliwung translates to Sungai Sungai Liwung.
- Some river names in Hokkaido and Tohoku end with -betsu or -nai.
- Many rivers in Ireland contain the element Owen in their name, from Irish abhann, "river." Tautological hydronyms include: Owenaher River, Owenakilla River, Bunowen River, Camowen River, Owenea River, Owenboy River.
- Multiple creeks and rivers in the region surrounding Melbourne, Australia contain the element Yallock or Yaloak, which means creek or river in the related Kulin languages Woiwurrung, Bunurong and Wathawurrung. These include Woori Yallock Creek, Mordialloc Creek, Woady Yaloak River, and Yallock Creek.
- Multiple rivers and streams in New Zealand have the prefix wai-, the Māori term for river. Notable examples include the Waikato River and Waimakariri River.
Lakes and other bodies of water
- Uvala Bregdetti, Zadar, Arbanasi, Croatia
- Ala Wai Canal, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska
- Cove Bay, Aberdeen, Scotland
- Dal Lake, Kashmir, India
- Deschutes Falls, Tumwater, Washington
- Eas Fors Waterfall, Scotland
- Gaube Lake, Hautes-Pyrénées
- Gulf of Bothnia
- Hardangerfjord, Norway
- Hayle Estuary, Cornwall
- Järvijärvi, Sodankylä, Finland
- Jaurajärvi and Jaurakkajärvi, Finland
- Jog Falls, Karnataka, India – A waterfall where "jog" or "joga" means waterfall in the local Kannada language
- Laacher See, Germany – A caldera lake and potentially active volcano
- Lac d'Oô, France — The name Oô is derived from Aragonese ibon 'mountain lake' or from Gascon iu or eu 'mountain lake', so that Lac d'Oô is 'Lake of the Lake'.
- Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria – lagos is Portuguese for 'lakes', and "lagoon" derives from Latin lacus 'lake, pond'
- Laguna Lake, Philippines – laguna is Spanish for 'lake'. It is also known as Laguna de Bay, although it is a bay and was in fact known as Laguna de Ba'i in Spanish times.
- Laguna Lake, California
- Lake Baikal, Russia and *kal*.
- Lake Chad, Chad
- Lake Danao and Lake Danao, Philippines
- Lake Ellesmere, New Zealand
- Issyk-Kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan
- Lake Lagunita, Stanford, California
- Lake Nyassa, Malawi/Mozambique
- Lake Ontario, North America
- Lake Rotorua, New Zealand
- Lake Tahoe, Nevada/California
- Lakeville Lake, Michigan, US – The village is Lakeville, the adjacent lake is Lakeville Lake.
- Lake Khövsgöl - Khövsgöl, Mongolia – Lake Blue Water Lake, from Tuvan.
- Loch Loch, Scotland. Not to be confused with Loch Lochy.
- Loch Lomond Lake, near Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
- Loch Watten, Scotland, from Gaelic loch, plus Norse vatn
- Lochmere Lake, Cary, North Carolina
- Loughrigg Tarn, from Gaelic loch, plus Norse-derived "ridge", and tarn meaning a body of water
- Meusebach Creek, Texas, from German Mäusebach - Mouse Creek, therefore 'Mouse Creek Creek'
- Mille Lacs Lake, Minnesota, USA
- New York Bay, NY, USA – Named after the Duke of York. The etymology of York stems from Jorvik. The 'vik' suffix is originally from Old norse cove or bay. 'New York Bay' thus contains a redundant "bay bay" construction.
- Østensjøvann is a Norwegian lake name that concatenates sjø and vann. Similarly Møsvann in Telemark, Norway combines mjøsa meaning 'lake' with vann meaning 'lake'.
- Semerwater, sometimes Lake Semerwater, North Yorkshire, England. Semer is from Old English sæ 'lake' and mere 'lake', thus Lake Semerwater means 'lake lake lake water'
- Tal-y-llyn Lake, Wales
- Vatnshlíðarvatn, Iceland
- Vatnvatnet, Norway, a lake near Bodø
- Wast Water, England – 'water's valley water' from Old Norse vatns dalr and Old English wæter
- Lake Hayq, Ethiopia – Amharic hayk means 'lake'.
- Sandefjordsfjorden, Norway, 'Sande fjord's fjord'
- Stavangerfjorden, Norway, Straight fjord-fjord, stav means straight and anger means fjord in Norse.
- Lake Michigan, United States – 'Lake Large Lake'
Mountains and hills
- Barrhill, barr is an old Celtic word for a flat topped hill.
- Bergeberget, Norway
- Bukit Timah Hill, The highest point in Singapore
- Brda Hills, Slovenia – "brda" means small hills in Slovene
- Bredon Hill, England ; compare Bredon and Breedon on the Hill
- Brill, England – also once known in documents as Brill-super-montem
- Brincliffe Edge, Sheffield, UK
- Bryn Glas Hill, Wales
- Brynhill, Wales
- Dundee Law Hill, Scotland
- Djebel Amour, Algeria:
- Eizmendi: Haitz Mendi 'mount mount'
- Filefjell, Norway
- Fjällfjällen, Sweden
- Garmendia: Garr- Mendi
- The Rock of Gibraltar,
- Hill Mountain, Pembrokeshire, Wales
- Haukafellsfjall, Iceland –
- Hoffellsfjall, Iceland –
- Hólahólar, Iceland –
- Hueco Tanks, an area of low mountains in El Paso County, Texas.
- Kálfafellsfjöll, Iceland –
- Knockhill, a common placename in the Scottish Lowlands, deriving from Scottish Gaelic, cnoc meaning a "hill".
- Kukkulamäki, in 24 distinct locations in Finland, is kukkula "hill" and mäki "hill".
- Montana Mountain, Yukon: Montaña Spanish 'mountain mountain'
- Montcuq, Lot, France: Mont Kukk 'mount mount'
- Monteagle Mountain, a commonly-used colloquial name for an area of the Cumberland Plateau near the town of Monteagle, Tennessee.
- Morro Rock, a volcanic plug rising out of the ocean on the Central Coast of California, from Spanish "Morro" meaning "rock".
- Mount Afadja, Ghana's highest peak, is often referred to as 'Mount Afadjato', which means 'Mount Afadja Mountain', 'To' being the Ewe language word for 'Mountain'. Ewe is the main language spoken in the area surrounding the peak.
- Mount Katahdin, Maine
- Mount Kenya, Kenya
- Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Mount Maunganui, New Zealand
- Mount Ōyama, Japan
- Mount Yamantau, Russia The tautology exists in Russian as well as English.
- Muncibeddu or Mongibello, Sicilian name of the volcano Etna, in Sicily, Italy.
- Ochil Hills, Scotland
- Pendle Hill, Lancashire, England. – "Pen" - "Pendle" by epenthesis and elision from "Pen Hyll", the latter word being Old English for "hill".
- Pendleton, near Pendle Hill, Lancashire, England. or, possibly, taking the -ton as deriving from Old English dun as opposed to Old English tun.
- Pendleton Hill, North Stonington, Connecticut. or, possibly,.
- Penhill, North Yorkshire, England: Pen and hyll, both meaning "hill"
- Pen Hill, Somerset England: Pen and hyll, both meaning "hill"
- Pen Hill, Dorset, England: Pen and hyll, both meaning "hill"
- Pic de la Munia in Piau-Engaly, France: Pic Muño
- Picacho Peak
- Pinnacle Peak and Mount Pinnacle. Both English. Other locations have the same names.
- Portsdown Hill Port's Hill Hill.
- Slieve Mish Mountains, Ireland
- Slieve Bloom Mountains, Ireland –
- Svínafellsfjall, Iceland –
- Summit Peak, New Zealand – also the U.S. has five hills called Summit Peak.
- Table Mesa
- Torpenhow, Cumbria, England, supposedly meaning "hill hill hill", exaggerated into an "Torpenhow Hill = hill-hill-hill hill" for effect; it may only be a single tautology, torpen expressing "the top or breast of a hill", with the tautological addition of Old Norse howe "hill".
- Tuc de la Pale, Ariège, France: Tuk Pal 'mount mount'
- Dãy núi Trường Sơn, Vietnam. Núi Trường Sơn: Long Mountain Mountain.
- Vignemale, Pyrenees: Went Mal 'mount mount'
- Yunling Mountains, China
Islands
- Bardsey Island, Wales
- Bernera Island, Scotland
- Caldey Island, Wales
- Canvey Island, England
- Cara Island, Scotland
- Dodecanese Islands, Aegean Sea
- Island of Danna, Scotland
- Faroe Islands, sometimes Faeroe Islands ; the first part of the name.
- Gateholm Island, Wales
- Gezira Island, Cairo, Egypt. Gezira جزيرة means 'island' in Egyptian Arabic, so the name is "Island Island."
- Isle of Gigha, Scotland
- Gili Islands, North-west of Lombok, Indonesia
- Grand Manan Island, NB, Canada
- Great Cumbrae Island, Scotland
- Handa Island, Scotland
- Inch is a common Scottish island prefix deriving from Gaelic innis. Many such places such as Inchkeith are often referred to as Inchkeith Island etc. in colloquial usage.
- Insh Island, Scotland
- Isla Pulo, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Kodiak Island, Alaska
- Little Cumbrae Island, Scotland
- Longa Island
- Lundy Island, England
- Mersea Island
- Motu Island, New Zealand
- Motutapu Island, New Zealand
- Öholmen, Pargas, Finland
- Isle of Raasay, Scotland
- Ramsey Island, Wales
- Isle of Sheppey, England
- Soa Island
- Soyea Island, Scotland
- Shuna Island, Scotland
- Skokholm Island, Wales
- Skomer Island, Wales
- Isle of Skye, see Etymology of Skye
- Island of Stroma
- Tenasillahe Island, Oregon. Tenasillahe means 'island' in Chinook Jargon.
- Walney Island, England
Human structures
- Avenue Road, Toronto, Ontario
- Calatañazor Castle, Spain
- Calatayud Castle, Spain
- Calatrava la Vieja Castle and Calatrava la Nueva Castle, Spain
- Carmarthen, Wales –, "marthen"/"myrddin" is Welsh name derived from Latin Moridunum, which itself derived from Brythonic "môr" and "din"/"dun" )
- Cartagena, Spain – originally Carthago Nova, from Latin "New Carthage"; Carthago itself is from Phoenician Qart-ḥadašt, 'New City'
- Châteaudun, France
- City of Townsville a rare triple tautological name.
- El Camino Way in Palo Alto, California
- Port of Copenhagen, Denmark - the Danish name Københavns Havn literally means "Merchants' Harbor Harbor".
- El Pont de Suert, Catalonia, Spain – literally 'the bridge of bridge'; "Pont" is the Catalan word for 'bridge' derived from Latin pons, pontis 'bridge' and "Suert" comes from the Basque Zubiarte, meaning 'between bridges'.
- El Puente de Alcántara, Toledo, Spain
- Forumtorget in Uppsala, Sweden - literally "the square square" - forum being the Latin word for square and torget meaning "the square" in Swedish.
- Fshati Sellcë near Tetovo, North Macedonia, from Albanian fshati and Macedonian село selo, both meaning "village".
- Gaza Museum of Archaeology, known as "the al-Mat'haf Museum." In Arabic, المتحف al-Matḥaf means 'the Museum'; thus, it is being called "the the Museum Museum."
- Hall Building on the campus of Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, named after Henry Floss Hall, a former university president.
- Külaküla, Estonia, translated literally as "Village village".
- Laugardalslaug
- Linguaglossa, Italy
- Moorestown Township, New Jersey
- Napton-on-the-Hill, Warwickshire – Napton means "settlement on the hill"
- Outerbridge Crossing between Perth Amboy, New Jersey and Staten Island, though in this case "Outerbridge" refers to Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge, and not, as is commonly assumed, to the bridge's location.
- Pawtucket Falls and Pawtucket Falls – Pawtucket is an Algonkian word meaning "at the falls in the river ".
- Rökstenen, Sweden,, a runestone.
- Staðarstaður, Iceland
- Street Road refers to two different highways in Pennsylvania – Two nearly synonymous English words. There is also a Street Road in Glastonbury, Somerset, England which leads towards the nearby town called Street. There is also a High Street Rd in Glen Waverley, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, which is a continuation of a street called High St.
- Fore Street is a common street name in the South West of England, where "Fore" derives from the Cornish forth 'street'.
- Trendle Ring earthwork in Somerset, England
- Stonepit Quarry old quarry now part of the Old Sulehay nature reserve in Peterborough, England
- Voundervour Lane, Penzance, Cornwall, UK;
- Yeshiva University, New York City, New York
Other
- Aran Valley, Catalonia, Spain – Aran comes from the proto-Basque word haran meaning "valley"; in the local Gascon dialect, aran also means "valley"
- Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland – from Irish aird meaning "promontory" or "peninsula"
- Ardtornish Point, Scotland.
- Ateneo de Davao University
- Ateneo de Manila University
- Ateneo de Naga University
- Ateneo de Zamboanga University
- Avenue Road in Toronto, Ontario.; also in Lavadia and Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.
- Avenue Road, Bangalore in Bengaluru/Bangalore, India
- Barna Gap, Ireland –
- Beechhurst Holt Wood, England
- Boulder Rock, Ross Dependency, Antarctica
- Caernarfon Castle, Wales
- Cheile Cheii, Vâlcea, Romania
- Col de Port, Ariège, France
- Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France
- Daladalur, Iceland –
- Dalsdalen, Luster, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway – Norwegian
- Dasht-e Kavir, Iran
- East Timor, : From the Indonesian and Malay word "timur", meaning "east"; "Timor Leste" has the same meaning, leste meaning "east" in Portuguese.
- Gilsárgil, Iceland – The river was named first, as is pretty common, and then the canyon was named after the river much later, also common.
- Glendale – Anglicisation of the Gaelic Gleann Dail. Gleann simply means "valley", and dail is a borrowing from the Norse for "valley", which in Gaelic specifically means a valley containing fertile arable land, or any low-lying farmland. The anglicised form appears more tautological as the word dale in English is used to describe any valley.
- Glen of Aherlow – a glen is a long, deep valley, while Aherlow is from the Irish eatharlach, meaning "lowland between two mountains", i.e. a valley.
- Gobi Desert, Mongolia
- Hill Holt Wood, England The farm “Hvilft”, in Önundarfjörður, which means cirque, was named after the cirque in the mountain above it, and the cirque itself was then named after the farm.
- Jiayuguan Pass –
- Kaieteur Falls in Kaieteur National Park, Potaro-Siparuni Region, Guyana –
- Khor Khwair, a neighborhood in Ras al-Khaima, U.A.E.
- Kvinnherad kommune, Norway,
- La Avenida Street, Mountain View, California
- The La Brea Tar Pits, California
- Los Angeles Angels, a baseball team playing its home games in the Los Angeles suburb of Anaheim -
- Los Altos Hills, California
- Metsalaane, village in Estonia
- Milky Way Galaxy
- Minnehaha Falls, Minnesota
- Mount Midoriyama, the final stage of American Ninja Warrior
- Mull of Kintyre
- Nathu La Pass, Sino-Indian border,
- Nesoddtangen, a triple tautology, consisting of three parts, nes, odd and tangen, all being synonyms signifying a small cape or promontory.
- Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia -
- Nyanza Lac, Burundi – Nyanza and lac are the Bantu and French words for "lake" respectively. This is a city, not a lake, though on the shore of Lake Tanganyika.
- The Passaic Valley, New Jersey
- Playalinda Beach, Florida
- Rue Avenue, Point Pleasant, New Jersey Although this is more likely named after the plant rue.
- Sahara desert, Africa
- Sharm Old Harbour
- Skarðsskarð, Iceland
- South Australia
- South Vietnam
- Swahili Coast, "Swahili" is an Arabic adjective meaning "coastal ".
- Tahunanui Beach, New Zealand.
- Tappiyan Falls, Batad – waterfalls near the Banawe Rice Terraces in the Philippines – means Falls Falls
- Tham Luang Nang Non, sometimes referred to as Tham Luang Cave.
- Tipsoo Meadow, Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington. Tipsoo means 'meadow' in Chinook Jargon.
- Waterford Harbour – the name "Waterford" derives from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr, "ram fjord", referring the natural harbour.
- Walden Woods, Massachusetts – the name "Walden" derives from German Wald, meaning woods or forest.
- Whangaroa Harbour, New Zealand.
- Wookey Hole Caves - the name Wookey is derived from the Celtic for 'cave', "Ogo" or "Ogof" which gave the early names for this cave of "Ochie" "Ochy". Hole is Anglo-Saxon for cave, which is itself of Latin/Norman derivation. Therefore, the name Wookey Hole Cave basically means cave cave cave.