List of state applications for an Article V Convention
This is a list of known applications made to the United States Congress by the states for a national convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution under Article five of the Constitution.
A discussion on the history of this process can be found at Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution.
In particular, discussions on the validity of the recession of applications is discussed there.
All applications are listed here, noting when a recession has been made.
On January 6, 2015 Congress began the process of counting applications submitted by the states with the passage of a House rule in the House of Representatives. Prior to this, all documents related to Article V Applications were read as memorials into the congressional record and referred to the Judiciary Committee. The Clerk of the U.S. House of Representative has since listed all applications and recessions since 1960.
As this list may be removed by a change in house rules, references to the actual congressional record are preferred.
The congressional record prior to 1876 is available through the Library of congress, and online since 1995.
In 1990, Judge Bruce Van Sickle and attorney Lynn M. Boughey compiled a list from the Congressional Record of state applications for an Article V Convention in the Hamline Law Review. Photocopies of the relevant sections of the congressional record have are available through Friends of the Article V Convention for the gap in the electronically available congressional record.
Van Sickle-Boughey classification
In "A Lawful and Peaceful Revolution", Van Sickle and Boughey define five classifications of applications:- Class I: A call for a general convention, with no motivating issue listed
- Class II: A call for a general convention, with a separate statement of proposed amendment or explicit statement that the convention may consider other amendments proposed by states
- Class III: A call for a general convention tied to a proposed amendment
- Class IV: A call for a convention, with language aimed to limit the convention to the issue presented
- Class V: A call for a convention, with language to rescind the application from consideration for a convention if any other topic is to be covered
- Class ??: A note of an application without the actual text
In the table below, the classification of rescinded applications are stricken, with the year of rescission given in parentheses and a link to the record of the rescission. Those applications which lead to amendments proposed by Congress are listed in parentheses.
List of state applications for an Article V convention
Although all columns are sortable, applications are initially sorted by date passed by the state, or by date of record in the congressional record. Application classes are encased in parentheses if congress presented an amendment on the topic given and stricken if the state has rescinded its application. All descriptions with six or more states have identical amendment text, unless specified. As of December 2019, only the Legislature of Hawaii has never approved an Article V convention application.State | Issue/Subject | Date of State's Approval | Receipt by Congress | Class |
Virginia | Bill of Rights | |||
New York | Bill of Rights | |||
Georgia | Clarify Amendment X | |||
South Carolina | Clarify Amendment X | |||
Alabama | Limitation on Tariffs | II | ||
Indiana | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | ? | I | |
Ohio | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | I | ||
New Jersey | Final Resolution for Slavery | |||
Kentucky | Final Resolution for Slavery | |||
Illinois | Final Resolution for Slavery | |||
Nebraska | Direct Election of Senators, Other | III | ||
Texas | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | ? | I | |
Minnesota | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Pennsylvania | Direct Election of Senators, II | ? | ||
Idaho | Direct Election of President, Vice-President and Senators | ? | ||
Montana | Direct Election of Senators, II Direct Election of Senators, II | ? ? | ||
Oregon | Direct Election of Senators, Other Direct Election of Senators, I Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? ? ? | ||
Tennessee | Direct Election of Senators, II Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? ? | ||
Colorado | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Michigan | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Texas | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Arkansas | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Kentucky | Direct Election of Senators, II | ? | ||
Illinois | Direct Election of Senators, I Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? ? | ||
Nevada | Direct Election of Senators, II | ? | ||
Utah | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Washington | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Nebraska | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Iowa | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Missouri | Direct Election of Senators, II | ? | ||
South Dakota | Direct Election of Senators, Other Direct Election of Senators, I | ? ? | ||
Delaware | Anti-Polygamy | ? | ||
Missouri | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | ? | I | |
Indiana | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Iowa | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Nevada | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
New Jersey | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Louisiana | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Oklahoma | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
South Dakota | Anti-Polygamy | ? | III | |
Kansas | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Wisconsin | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Washington | Anti-Polygamy | ? | III | |
Montana | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Maine | Direct Election of Senators, Other | ? | ||
Tennessee | Anti-Polygamy | ? | ||
Montana | Anti-Polygamy | ? | remainder of text | |
Nebraska | Anti-Polygamy | ? | III | |
Ohio | Anti-Polygamy | ? | remainder of text | III |
Illinois | Prevent and Suppress Monopolies | ? | III | |
Wisconsin | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | ? | I | |
California | Direct Election of Senators, I | ? | ||
Vermont | Anti-Polygamy | ? | III | |
Illinois | Anti-Polygamy | ? | remainder of text | III |
Oregon | Anti-Polygamy | ? | ||
Wisconsin | Anti-Polygamy | ? | remainder of text See, also, | III |
Missouri | Supreme Court Jurisdiction | ? | III | |
Michigan | Anti-Polygamy | ? | III | |
South Carolina | Anti-Polygamy | ? | ||
Louisiana | Mode of Amendment, Other | ? | ||
Nevada | Anti-Prohibition | ? | ||
Wisconsin | Direct Election of President and VP | ? | ||
Wisconsin | General and Unlimited Article V Convention | |||
Wisconsin | Article V Requirements Already Met for Convention Call | ? | ||
Wisconsin | Article V Requirements Already Met for Convention Call | ? | ||
Massachusetts | Anti-Prohibition | ? | ||
New York | Anti-Prohibition | ? | ||
Wisconsin | Anti-Prohibition | ? | ||
New Jersey | Anti-Prohibition | ? | ||
California | Tax on Government Securities | ? | III | |
California | Federal Labor Laws | ? | III | |
Oregon | General Welfare Act of 1937 | ? | ||
Wyoming | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | remainder of text | |
Maryland | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | appearing to have been approved only by the Maryland House of Delegates—and NOT at all by the Maryland Senate | III |
Rhode Island | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | III | |
Iowa | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | III | |
Maine | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | remainder of text | |
Massachusetts | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | remainder of text | |
Michigan | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | III | |
Iowa | Presidential Term Limits | ? | ||
Illinois | Presidential Term Limits | ? | remainder of text | |
Michigan | Presidential Term Limits | ? | ||
New Hampshire | Income Tax, II | ? | remainder of text | |
Delaware | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | ||
Illinois | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | remainder of text | |
Pennsylvania | Limited Funding Mandates, Various | ? | III | |
Pennsylvania | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | remainder of text | III |
Wisconsin | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | III | |
Wisconsin | Presidential Term Limits | ? | ||
Kentucky | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | remainder of text | |
New Jersey | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | ||
California | World Federation | ? | remainder of text | IV |
New Jersey | World Federation | ? | IV | |
North Carolina | World Federation | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Michigan | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Florida | World Federation | ? | ||
Nebraska | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | remainder of text | |
Connecticut | World Federation | ? | IV | |
Kansas | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | III | |
Iowa | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Florida | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | remainder of text | |
Maine | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | remainder of text | IV |
New Hampshire | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | remainder of text | |
Arkansas | Income Tax, Limit II | ? | III | |
Utah | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | ||
New Mexico | Revenue Sharing, II | ? | IV | |
Georgia | Limited Treaty Powers, Various | ? | ||
Georgia | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | ||
Indiana | Income Tax, Limit II Income Tax, Limit II | ? ? | remainder of text remainder of text | III III |
Virginia | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | ||
California | Motor Vehicle Tax Distribution | ? | remainder of text | III |
Louisiana | Income Tax, Limit I | ? | remainder of text | |
South Dakota | Mode of Amendment, Other Mode of Amendment, by 12 States Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? ? ? | remainder of text remainder of text remainder of text | |
Illinois | Mode of Amendment, Other Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? ? | III | IV|
Georgia | School Management, States' Right School Management, States' Right School Management, States' Right | ? ? ? | ||
Texas | Mode of Amendment, by 12 States Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? ? | remainder of text | III | IV
Oklahoma | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | remainder of text | |
Michigan | Mode of Amendment, by 12 States | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Idaho | Mode of Amendment, by 12 States | ? | remainder of text | |
Indiana | Mode of Amendment, by 12 States | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Indiana | Limited Treaty Powers, Various | ? | remainder of text | III |
Indiana | Proportional Electoral College, Other | ? | remainder of text | III |
Indiana | Repeal of Constitution's 16th Amendment | ? | remainder of text | III |
Indiana | Balanced Budget, Other Balanced Budget, Other | ? ? | remainder of text | III III |
Florida | Supreme Court Review, Other | ? | ||
Alabama | Judicial Term Limits | ? | III | |
Connecticut | Prohibit Interstate Income Tax | ? | remainder of text | III |
Alabama | Limited Federal Preemption | ? | III | |
Wyoming | Limit Federal Powers | ? | remainder of text | |
Arkansas | Validity of 14th Amendment | ? | III | |
Nevada | Limit Federal Powers | ? | III | |
Louisiana | Limit Federal Powers | ? | ||
Arkansas | Supreme Court Review, Other | ? | III | |
Wyoming | Balanced Budget, Other Balanced Budget, Emergency | ? ? | ||
Georgia | Supreme Court Review, Other | ? | ||
South Carolina | Limit Federal Powers | ? | ||
Oklahoma | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
Oklahoma | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | remainder of text | |
Kansas | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
Kansas | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | ||
Florida | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | remainder of text | |
Florida | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
Idaho | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | ||
Arkansas | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | III | |
Arkansas | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | remainder of text | III |
Arkansas | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | remainder of text | III III |
Arkansas | Proportional Electoral College, Other | ? | III | |
South Dakota | Proportional Electoral College, Other | ? | ?? | |
Montana | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | ||
Idaho | Balanced Budget, Other | ? | ||
Montana | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | ||
Wyoming | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | remainder of text | |
Wyoming | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | ||
Wyoming | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
Alabama | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | III | |
Washington | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | III | |
Missouri | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | III III | |
Missouri | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | III | |
Utah | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | ||
Colorado | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | III | |
Colorado | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | III | |
Nevada | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? ? | III | |
South Carolina | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | ||
South Carolina | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | ||
South Carolina | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
South Carolina | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
South Carolina | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | remainder of text | |
South Carolina | Supreme Court Review, Court of the Union | ? | remainder of text | |
Texas | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | III III | |
Texas | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | remainder of text | III |
South Dakota | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | remainder of text | |
Wisconsin | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | III | |
Virginia | Apportionment of Legislature, I Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? ? | remainder of text | |
Massachusetts | School Management, Other | ? | appearing to have been approved only by the Massachusetts House of Representatives—and NOT at all by the Massachusetts Senate | III |
Massachusetts | Senior Pensions | ? | III | |
Virginia | Mode of Amendment, Identical Text | ? | ||
Louisiana | School Management, States' Right | ? | remainder of text | |
Arizona | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
Kansas | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | remainder of text | |
South Carolina | School Management, States' Right | ? | ||
Utah | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
Maryland | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | III | |
North Carolina | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
Minnesota | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | III | |
Oklahoma | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | also found at remainder of text | |
Louisiana | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
New Hampshire | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
Illinois | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | III | |
Florida | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | ||
Mississippi | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | III | |
Mississippi | School Management, States' Right | ? | remainder of text | III |
Mississippi | Anti-Subversion | ? | III | |
Illinois | Apportionment of Legislature, II Apportionment of Legislature, Other | III | ||
Nebraska | Proportional Electoral College, I | ? | III | |
Nebraska | Apportionment of Legislature, I | ? | III | |
Ohio | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | III | |
Kentucky | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | remainder of text | III |
Alabama | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | remainder of text | III |
New Mexico | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | III | |
Tennessee | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | remainder of text | |
Illinois | Apportionment of Legislature, Other | III | ||
Indiana | Apportionment of Legislature, II | ? | III | |
Alabama | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | remainder of text | III |
North Dakota | Apportionment of Legislature, Other | ? | ||
Georgia | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | remainder of text | |
Texas | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | III | |
Illinois | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | remainder of text | |
Iowa | Apportionment of Legislature, Other | ? | III | |
Florida | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | ||
New Hampshire | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | III IV | |
Louisiana | Anti-Subversion | ? | remainder of text | |
Louisiana | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | ||
Louisiana | Revenue Sharing, Other | ? | ||
New Jersey | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | IV | |
West Virginia | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Massachusetts | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | IV | |
South Dakota | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | IV | |
North Dakota | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | ||
Louisiana | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | remainder of text | |
Ohio | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | IV | |
Delaware | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | ||
Oregon | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | ?? | |
Massachusetts | School Management, Other School Management, Other | ? ? | remainder of text | IV IV |
Michigan | School Management, No Assignment | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Iowa | Revenue Sharing, I | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Florida | Senate Control of Presiding Officer | ? | ||
Arizona | School Management, Prayer | ? | ||
Tennessee | School management, No Assignment | ? | ||
New York | School Management, Other | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Virginia | Balanced Federal Budget | ? ? ? | remainder of text | |
Mississippi | Prayer in Public Buildings | ? | IV | |
Virginia | School management, No Assignment | ? | ||
New Jersey | School Management, Other | ? | ?? | |
Texas | School Management, No Assignment | ? | IV | |
Oklahoma | School Management, No Assignment | ? | ||
Maryland | School Management, Other | ? | ?? | |
Nevada | School Management, No Assignment | ? | remainder of text | IV |
New Hampshire | School Management, Other | ? | ||
Arkansas | Balanced Federal Budget | ? ? | III IV | |
Mississippi | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | III |
Missouri | Right to Life, Various | ? | III | |
Nevada | Limited Funding Mandates, Various | ? | III | |
Louisiana | Balanced Federal Budget | ? ? ? | remainder of text | |
Kentucky | School Management, No Assignment | ? | III | |
Alabama | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Georgia | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Delaware | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
South Carolina | Balanced Federal Budget | ? ? | ||
Massachusetts | School Management, No Assignment | ? | III | |
Oklahoma | Limited Funding Mandates, Various | ? | III | |
Louisiana | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
Maryland | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Virginia | Line Item Veto, Various | ? | ||
New Jersey | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
South Dakota | Right to Life, Unborn Right to Life, Sacred Life | ? ? | ||
Utah | Right to Life, Various | ? | remainder of text | |
Arkansas | Right to Life, Various | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Rhode Island | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
Texas | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | IV |
Arizona | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | |
Massachusetts | Right to Life, Various | ? | ?? | |
Indiana | Right to Life, Various | ? | ?? | |
Colorado | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | V | |
Nebraska | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
Tennessee | Judicial Term Limits | ? | ||
Tennessee | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | |
Pennsylvania | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
Oklahoma | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Kansas | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | IV | |
Delaware | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
North Dakota | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
North Carolina | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ?? | |
Mississippi | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
Florida | Balanced Federal Budget | ? ? | remainder of text | |
Idaho | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
New Mexico | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | IV |
South Dakota | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Nebraska | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | IV | |
Georgia | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
Utah | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Pennsylvania | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | IV | |
Oregon | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Indiana | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | IV | |
New Hampshire | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ||
Iowa | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | IV | |
Nevada | Right to Life, Various | ? | V | |
Nevada | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | remainder of text | III |
Idaho | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
Oklahoma | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
Tennessee | Right to Life, Various | ? | ||
Alabama | Right to Life, Various | ? | IV | |
Arizona | Limited Funding Mandates, Various | ? | ||
North Dakota | Right to Life, Various | ? | ?? | |
Alaska | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | ?? | |
Missouri | Balanced Federal Budget | ? | V | |
Arizona | Line Item Veto, Various | ? | ||
South Dakota | Line Item Veto, Various | ? | remainder of text | |
Utah | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | ||
South Dakota | Term Limits on Members of Congress | ? | remainder of text | |
Idaho | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | ||
Georgia | Flag Desecration | ? | remainder of text | |
Colorado | Limited Funded Mandates, Various | ? | V | |
South Dakota | Limited Funded Mandates, Various | ? | ||
Missouri | No Judicial Taxing Power | ? | V | |
Delaware | Income Tax, Limit Other | ? | ||
Missouri | Limited Funding Mandates, Various | ? | remainder of text | V |
Arizona | No Judicial Taxing Power | ? | remainder of text | |
South Dakota | No Judicial Taxing Power | ? | III | |
Nevada | Term Limits on Members of Congress | ? | III | |
North Dakota | No Judicial Taxing Power | ? | remainder of text | III |
Louisiana | Posse Comitatus | ? | IV | |
Florida | Balanced Federal Budget | remainder of text | V | |
Nebraska | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
North Dakota | Mode of Amendment, Other | V | ||
North Dakota | Increase in federal debt to require approval by majority of state legislatures | IV | ||
Alabama | Balanced Federal Budget | remainder of text | V | |
Louisiana | Increase in federal debt to require approval by majority of state legislatures | IV | ||
New Hampshire | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Ohio | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Georgia | Balanced Federal Budget | remainder of text | V | |
Georgia | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Michigan | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Tennessee | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Alaska | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Florida | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Florida | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Florida | Legislation in Congress to contain only one subject and that one subject must be clearly expressed in the measure's title | V | ||
Vermont | Regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | V | ||
Louisiana | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
California | Regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | V | ||
Illinois | Regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | V | ||
South Dakota | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
New Jersey | Regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | V | ||
Utah | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
North Dakota | Balanced Federal Budget | remainder of text | V | |
Alabama | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | remainder of text | V | |
Tennessee | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Florida | Term limits on Members of Congress | V | ||
Indiana | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
West Virginia | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Alaska | Countermand Amendment | V | ||
Oklahoma | Combination of: Balanced Federal Budget; and Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | remainder of text | V | |
Louisiana | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Rhode Island | Regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. | and | and remainder of text | V |
Wyoming | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Arizona | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | remainder of text | V | |
North Dakota | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Arizona | Balanced Federal Budget | V | ||
Texas | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Missouri | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Wisconsin | Balanced Federal Budget | remainder of text'' | V | |
Alabama | Term Limits on Members of Congress | V | ||
Missouri | Term Limits on Members of Congress | V | ||
Arkansas | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Utah | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress | V | ||
Mississippi | Fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials—but specifically excluding the imposition of term limits upon members of Congress | V |
Counts by states
In 1929 Wisconsin presented a list of states having made applications for a convention exceeding the two-thirds requirement that was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee, with no further action. In 2013 states began listing existing state applications when joining them.Wisconsin 1929
In 1929 Wisconsin applied to Congress to perform their constitutional duty to call a convention, listing Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin as states having made an application for a convention. There were 48 states in 1929, so 32 applications would be required to call a convention. 35 states were named.Links to the text of applications by all states except California and North Carolina are provided in the table above. A reference to an application by California has been found in the congressional record and the text of an application by South Carolina is given in the table above. It may be that North Carolina was mistakenly included for South Carolina.
Three states, Missouri, Texas, and Wisconsin, had applied for a general convention. Eleven states listed had applied for a convention to prohibit polygamy, plus South Carolina. Idaho had included the direct election of the President and Vice President with their request for direct election of Senators. Thus 16 states clearly had outstanding applications.
Alabama and Georgia had outstanding issues from 1832 and 1833, making a less certain 18. Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Nevada, and Oklahoma would be added if we include class II requests for Direct Elections of Senators, for a total of 25.
The only known records for an application New York and Virginia are their ratification documents, before the Bill of Rights. New Jersey and Kentucky applied for a convention to prevent the Civil War, and class III applications for the Direct Election of Senators. Arkansas, Maine, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Utah only had documented class III applications for the Direct Election of Senators. California is most likely in this group. These ten states have applications that may have been mooted by amendments proposed by congress.
Balanced Budget
The balanced budget application of Ohio in 2013 through Arizona in 2017, except North Dakota, include a list of previous state applications for a balanced budget. Wisconsin's 2017 application also does not contain such a list. These lists mostly extend the previous lists, except possibly omitting state applications from the same legislative session.Arizona has the most complete list, including Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and West Virginia. This represents 29 states.
Applications for all of the states mentioned above can be found in the list. Additionally, rescinded applications can be found for Delaware, Idaho, Oregon and Virginia. In particular, Delaware is included in lists prior to their rescission in 2016, but not after.
Wyoming and Wisconsin have made recent applications not included by Arizona, while Maryland, Nevada and New Mexico have recently rescinded their applications. This suggests a current total of 28 states, six short of the required 34.
Convention of States Resolution
The Convention of States Resolution includes fiscal restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limiting the terms of office of federal officials, including members of Congress. Oklahoma in 2016 and Texas in 2019 included counts of previous applications.Texas has the most complete list, including the following 13 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas.
All of these applications are included in the list, and Utah and Mississippi have recent applications not included by Texas, for a total of 15 states.
Wolf Pac Resolution
The Wolf Pac Resolution calls for regulation of election campaign donations and expenditures; end legal concept of "corporate personhood"; overturn 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision in case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. Rhode Island included a count of the states in their 2016 application.Rhode Island has the most complete list, including the following five states: California, Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont. All of these applications are included in the list, with no recent additions.
Paulsen style application counts
holds that the applications for a convention alone should govern the convention. Thus, this section contains counts of applications based on groupings not excluded by the applications themselves.Counts including class IV, V, or VI applications would be limited to those with the same description, and can be found by sorting the list by topic.
Class I and II Applications
Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin have outstanding applications for a convention to propose amendments, with no accompanying issue.Alabama has a request for a convention limiting tariffs, and South Carolina one for clarification on Amendment X, each implying that other amendments may be considered.
Class I, II, and III Applications
24 more states have outstanding class III applications. These are Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington.This gives a total of 31 states with known class I, II, or III applications. Three more application would meet the 2/3 requirement to call a convention.
Brennan style application counts
holds that, in 1982, it was necessary, desirable, and feasible to hold a convention. He lists the following counts in the introduction to his claim:- 450 applications through 1980, plus 25 more since 1980, gives 475 total applications
- Applications from every state in the union
- 36 states with more than six or more separate applications