List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM

Precursors 1889–1910

• 1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
• 1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
• 1893 Dey Patents Company incorporated.
• 1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company incorporated.
• 1896
• *Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
• *Hollerith incorporates the Tabulating Machine Company. Will be reincorporated in 1905.
• 1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
• 1900
• *International Time Recording Company incorporated, acquiring the time-recording business of the Bundy Manufacturing Company and the Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company.
• *Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
• *Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
• *Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
• 1905 Hollerith reincorporates as The Tabulating Machine Company.
• 1907 Dey Time Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
• 1908 Syracuse Time Recorder Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

  [Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company], 1911

• The Tabulating Machine Company
• Computing Scale Corporation
• International Time Recording Company
• Bundy Manufacturing Company

Acquisitions during 1912–1999

1912–1929

• 1917
• *American Automatic Scale Company acquired as International Scale Company.
• *CTR consolidates three already-existing Canadian companies: The Canadian Tabulating Machine Co., Ltd, the International Time Recording Co. of Canada, Ltd., and the Computing Scale Co. of Canada, Ltd., in a new holding company, International Business Machines Co., Ltd.
• 1921
• *Pierce Accounting Machine Company.
• *Ticketograph Company.
• 1923
• *Dehomag
• 1924
• *CTR was renamed "IBM".

  1930–1949

• 1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
• 1932 National Counting Scale Company.
• 1933 The separate companies were integrated in 1933 as IBM and the holding company eliminated.
• 1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc.
• 1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.

  1950–1969

• 1959 Pierce Wire Recorder Corporation.
• 1964 Science Research Associates.

  1970–1989

• 1974 CML Satellite Corporation; renamed Satellite Business Systems.
• 1984 ROLM
• 1986 RealCom Communications Corporation.

  1990–1999

• 1993
• *, bought in 1993, ran independently until 1996, and was then progressively absorbed by IBM, country by country, this process being achieved in 1999.
• 1994
• *Transarc
• 1995
• *Lotus Development Corporation for $3.5 billion.
• *Information Systems Management Canada
• *K3 Group Ltd.
• 1996
• *Wilkerson Group
• *Tivoli Systems, Inc. for $743 million.
• *Data Sciences Ltd, prior to 1991 named Thorn EMI Software, for £95 million.
• *Object Technology International is acquired by IBM
• *Cyclade Consultants
• *Fairway Technologies
• *Professional Data Management, Inc. / LifePRO
• 1997
• *Software Artistry for $200 million.
• *Unison Software.
• *Dominion Semiconductor is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
• 1998
• *CommQuest Technologies.
• *DataBeam Corporation, Lexington, KY
• *Ubique Ltd., Israel
• 1999
• *Dascom Technologies, A subsidiary of Dascom Holdings.
• *Mylex Corporation.
• *Sequent Computer Systems for $810 million.

  Acquisitions since 2000

• In 2018 IBM acquired 3 companies
• In 2017 IBM acquired 3 companies
• In 2016 IBM acquired 12 companies
• In 2015 IBM acquired 13 companies
• In 2014 IBM acquired 4 companies
• In 2013 IBM acquired 9 companies
• In 2012 IBM acquired 9 companies
• In 2011 IBM acquired 8 companies

Spinoffs

• 1934 Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
• 1942 Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
• 1958 Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.
• 1974 Service Bureau Corporation sold to Control Data Corporation
• 1984 Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company.
• 1985 Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
• 1988 Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak.
• ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Now .
• 1991 Lexmark. IBM retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses.
• 1991 Kaleida, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
• 1992 Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
• 1992 IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
• 1992 IBM sells its remaining 50 percent stake in the Rolm Company to Siemens A.G. of Germany.
• 1994 enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology, formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
• 1995 Advantis, a voice and data network company. Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. AT&T acquires the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
• 1994 Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA. Loral was later acquired by Lockheed Martin.
• 1996 Celestica, Electronic Manufacturing Services.
• 1998 IBM Global Network sold to AT&T to form AT&T Business Internet.
• 1999 Dominion Semiconductor IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
• 2001 Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately held company ISx, Inc.
• December 31, 2002 IBM sells its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM hard drives and the Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
• December 2004 Lenovo acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
• April 3, 2006 Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquires SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million.
• January 25, 2007 Three-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.
• September 2009 IBM launches online business IT video advice service in association with .
• September 2009 IBM sells its U2 multivalue database and application development products to Rocket Software
• April 2012 IBM sells its Retail Store Solutions division to Toshiba TEC
• January 2014 IBM sells its IBM System x business to Lenovo for $2.3 billion.
• October 2014 IBM sells its microelectronics business to GlobalFoundries. IBM will pay GlobalFoundries $1.5 billion over 3 years to take over the business.
• December 2014 UNICOM Global Acquires IBM Rational Focal Point and IBM Rational Purify Plus
• January 2015 IBM sells Algorithmics Collateral to SmartStream Technologies
• December 2015 UNICOM Global Acquires IBM Rational System Architect
• December 2018 HCL Technologies to Acquire Select IBM Software Products for $1.8B.