List of mammals of Turkey
This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 127 wild mammal species occurring in Turkey. Two are critically endangered, two are endangered, fourteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' global status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the very last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species, and does not require protection of any kind. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Subclass: [Theria]
Infraclass: [Eutheria]
Order: [Rodent]ia (rodents)
----Rodents make up the largest order of mammals with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw, which grow continually and are kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the porcupines can weigh up to.
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- *Family: Hystricidae
- **Genus: Hystrix
- ***Indian crested porcupine, H. indica
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- *Family: Sciuridae
- **Subfamily: Sciurinae
- ***Tribe: Sciurini
- ****Genus: Sciurus
- ***** Red squirrel, S. vulgaris
- ***** Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus
- *Subfamily: Xerinae
- **Tribe: Marmotini
- ***Genus: Spermophilus
- **** European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus VU
- **** Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus NT
- **** Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis
- *Family: Gliridae
- **Subfamily: Leithiinae
- ***Genus: Dryomys
- **** Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger DD
- **** Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
- ***Genus: Eliomys
- **** Asian garden dormouse, Eliomys melanurus LC
- ***Genus: Muscardinus
- **** Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LC
- ***Genus: Myomimus
- **** Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi VU
- **Subfamily: Glirinae
- ***Genus: Glis
- **** Edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
- *Family: Dipodidae
- **Subfamily: Allactaginae
- ***Genus: Allactaga
- **** Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC
- **** Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica NT
- *Family: Spalacidae
- **Subfamily: Spalacinae
- ***Genus: Nannospalax
- **** Palestine mole rat, Nannospalax ehrenbergi LC
- **** Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon DD
- **** Nehring's blind mole-rat, Nannospalax nehringi LC
- *Family: Cricetidae
- **Subfamily: Cricetinae
- ***Genus: Cricetulus
- **** Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC
- ***Genus: Cricetus
- **** European hamster, Cricetus cricetus LC
- ***Genus: Mesocricetus
- **** Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti NT
- **Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- ***Genus: Arvicola
- **** European water vole, A. amphibius
- ***Genus: Chionomys
- **** Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud LC
- **** European snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
- **** Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti LC
- ***Genus: Clethrionomys
- **** Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
- ***Genus: Ellobius
- **** Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens LC
- ***Genus: Microtus
- **** Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
- **** Günther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC
- **** Persian vole, Microtus irani LC
- **** Southern vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LC
- **** Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
- **** European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
- ***Genus: Prometheomys
- **** Long-clawed mole vole, Prometheomys schaposchnikowi LC
- *Family: Muridae
- **Subfamily: Deomyinae
- ***Genus: Acomys
- **** Asia Minor spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus DD
- **Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- ***Genus: Meriones
- **** Persian jird, Meriones persicus LC
- **** Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami LC
- **** Vinogradov's jird, Meriones vinogradovi LC
- **Subfamily: Murinae
- ***Genus: Apodemus
- **** Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
- **** Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
- **** Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus LC
- **** Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus LC
- **** Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- **** Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
- ***Genus: Micromys
- **** Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
- ***Genus: Mus
- **** Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus LC
- **** House mouse, Mus musculus LC
Order: [Lagomorpha] (rabbits, hares and picas)
- Family: Leporidae
- *Subfamily: Leporinae
- **Genus: Lepus
- *** European hare, L. europaeus
- **Genus: Oryctolagus
- *** European rabbit, O. cuniculus
Order: [Erinaceomorpha] (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae
- *Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- **Genus: Erinaceus
- *** Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor LC
- **Genus: Hemiechinus
- *** Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus LC
Order: [Soricomorpha] (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae
- *Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- **Genus: Crocidura
- *** Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LC
- *** Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon LC
- *** Serezkaya shrew, Crocidura serezkyensis LC
- *** Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens LC
- **Genus: Suncus
- *** Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
- *Subfamily: Soricinae
- **Tribe: Nectogalini
- ***Genus: Neomys
- **** Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
- **** Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
- **** Transcaucasian water shrew, Neomys schelkovnikovi LC
- **Tribe: Soricini
- ***Genus: Sorex
- **** Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
- **** Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
- **** Radde's shrew, Sorex raddei LC
- **** Caucasian shrew, Sorex satunini LC
- **** Caucasian pygmy shrew, Sorex volnuchini LC
- Family: Talpidae
- *Subfamily: Talpinae
- **Tribe: Talpini
- ***Genus: Talpa
- **** European mole, Talpa europaea LC
- **** Levantine mole, Talpa levantis LC
Order: [Chiroptera] (bats)
The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae
- *Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- **Genus: Rousettus
- *** Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- *Subfamily: Myotinae
- **Genus: Myotis
- *** Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii
- *** Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini
- *** Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis
- *** Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC
- *** Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC
- *** Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus VU
- *** Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC
- *** Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC
- *Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- **Genus: Barbastella
- ** Barbastelle, B. barbastellus VU
- **Genus: Eptesicus
- *** Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC
- *** Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni LC
- *** Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
- **Genus: Hypsugo
- *** Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii
- **Genus: Nyctalus
- *** Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus
- *** Lesser noctule, N. leisleri
- *** Common noctule, N. noctula
- **Genus: Pipistrellus
- *** Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii
- *** Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
- *** Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
- **Genus: Plecotus
- *** Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC
- *** Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC
- **Genus: Vespertilio
- *** Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
- *Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- **Genus: Miniopterus
- *** Schreibers' long-fingered bat, M. schreibersii LC
- Family: Molossidae
- *Genus: Tadarida
- ** European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC
- Family: Emballonuridae
- *Genus: Taphozous
- ** Naked-rumped tomb bat, T. nudiventris LC
- Family: Nycteridae
- *Genus: Nycteris
- ** Egyptian slit-faced bat, N. thebaica LC
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- *Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- **Genus: Rhinolophus
- *** Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii NT
- *** Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale VU
- *** Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC
- *** Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC
- *** Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU
Order: [Cetacea] (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea except for gray whale.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- *Family: Balaenopteridae
- **Genus: Balaenoptera
- ***Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata
- ***Fin whale, B. physalus EN
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- *Genus: Megaptera
- ** Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- *Family: Physeteridae
- **Genus: Physeter
- ***Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- **Family: Ziphidae
- ***Genus: Ziphius
- **** Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC
- **Genus: Mesoplodon
- *** Gervais' beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
- *Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- **Family: Phocoenidae
- ***Genus: Phocoena
- **** Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
- **Family: Delphinidae
- ***Genus: Tursiops
- **** Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
- ***Genus: Delphinus
- **** Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- ***Genus: Stenella
- **** Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- **** Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LC
- ***Genus: Grampus
- **** Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC
- ***Genus: Orcinus
- **** Orca, O. orca DD
- ***Genus: Pseudorca
- **** False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LC
- ***Genus: Globicephala
- ****Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas LC
- **Family: Monodontidae
- ***Genus: Delphinapterus
- ****Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas
Order: [Carnivora] (carnivorans)
- Suborder: Feliformia
- *Family: Felidae
- **Subfamily: Felinae
- ***Genus: Felis
- ****Jungle cat, F. chaus
- **** European wildcat, F. silvestris LC
- ***Genus: Caracal
- **** Caracal, C. caracal
- ***Genus: Lynx
- **** Eurasian lynx, L. lynx
- **Subfamily: Pantherinae
- ***Genus: Panthera
- **** Persian leopard, P. pardus tulliana
- *Family: Herpestidae
- **Genus: Herpestes
- *** Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon
- *Family: Hyaenidae
- **Genus: Hyaena
- *** Striped hyena, H. hyaena
- Suborder: Caniformia
- *Family: Canidae
- **Genus: Vulpes
- *** Red fox, V. vulpes
- **Genus: Canis
- *** Gray wolf, C. lupus
- *** Golden jackal, C. aureus
- *Family: Ursidae
- **Genus: Ursus
- *** Brown bear, U. arctos
- *Family: Mustelidae
- **Genus: Mustela
- *** Least weasel, M. nivalis
- **Genus: Vormela
- *** Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna LC
- **Genus: Martes
- *** Beech marten, M. foina
- *** European pine marten, M. martes
- **Genus: Meles
- *** Eurasian badger, M. meles
- **Genus: Lutra
- *** European otter, L. lutra
- *Family: Phocidae
- **Genus: Monachus
- *** Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus
Order: [Perissodactyla] (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Equidae
- *Genus: Equus
- ** Syrian wild ass, Equus hemionus hemippus EX
Order: [Artiodactyla] (even-toed ungulates)
Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
.
- Family: Suidae
- *Subfamily: Suinae
- **Genus: Sus
- *** Wild boar, S. scrofa
- Family: Cervidae
- *Subfamily: Cervinae
- **Genus: Cervus
- *** Red deer, C. elaphus
- **Genus: Dama
- *** Fallow deer, D. dama
- *Subfamily: Capreolinae
- **Genus: Capreolus
- *** European roe deer, C. capreolus
- Family: Bovidae
- *Subfamily: Antilopinae
- **Genus: Gazella
- *** Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa VU
- *Subfamily: Caprinae
- **Genus: Capra
- *** Wild goat, C. aegagrus VU
- **Genus: Ovis
- *** Anatolian mouflon, O. orientalis anatolica CR
- *** Armenian mouflon, O. orientalis gmelini VU
- **Genus: Rupicapra
- *** Chamois, R. rupicapra