List of Scottish breeds
This is a list of domesticated animal breeds originating from Scotland. To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behaviour, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations.
Scotland has produced some of the longest established breeds of domesticated animals still in existence. There are 37 individual breeds of animals from Scotland still in existence and three extinct breeds. The Soay Sheep has prehistoric origins, and the Galloway breed of beef cattle dates back several hundred years. New breeds have also been developed more recently in Scotland, such as the Scottish Fold cat, which dates from 1961.
The North Ronaldsay Sheep is a most unusual breed, subsisting largely on a diet of seaweed, and the Boreray is the UK's rarest sheep, having been listed as "Category 2: Endangered" by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Some breeds, such as the Shetland Pony and the Border Collie are well known throughout much of the Western world, whilst others such as the Scots Dumpy chicken are little-known, even at home. Fifteen breeds of dog have Scottish origins, including six terrier breeds. Indeed, the relative isolation of many of Scotland's numerous islands has led to a preponderance of breeds from these places being represented. Various breeds are now extinct, including the Grice, an archaic and somewhat aggressive pig.
Extant breeds
| Breed | Photo | Species | Date of Origin | Location of Origin | Status |
| Scottish Fold | Cat | 1961 | Coupar Angus | Rare | |
| Aberdeen Angus | Cattle | 18th century | Aberdeenshire Angus | Common | |
| Ayrshire Cattle | Cattle | prior to 1800 | Ayrshire | Common | |
| Belted Galloway | Cattle | 17-18th century | Galloway | Rare | |
| Galloway | Cattle | 700-1100 | Galloway | Established worldwide | |
| Highland Cattle | Cattle | Pre 19th century | West Highlands | Established worldwide | |
| Luing Cattle | Cattle | Post 1947 | Luing | "Firmly established" | |
| Shetland Cattle | Cattle | 700-1100 | Shetland | At risk | |
| Scots Dumpy | Chicken | 11th century | Highlands | Priority; Rare | |
| Scots Grey | Chicken | 16th century | Lanarkshire | Priority; Rare | |
| Bearded Collie | Dog | 16th century? | Scottish Borders? | Common | |
| Bloodhound | Dog | Middle Ages | France and Scottish Borders | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| Border Collie | Dog | pre 19th century | Scottish Borders | Common | |
| Border Terrier | Dog | c. 1790 | Scottish Borders | Common | |
| Cairn Terrier | Dog | 16th century-19th century. | Skye | Common | |
| Dandie Dinmont | Dog | mid 18th century or before | Skye and Scottish Borders | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| Golden Retriever | Dog | 19th century | Glen Affric | Common | |
| Gordon Setter | Dog | 1820s | Moray | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| Rough Collie | Dog | 19th century | Scottish Highlands | Common | |
| Smooth Collie | Dog | 19th century | Scotland | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| Scottish Terrier or Scottie | Dog | 16th century-19th century | Skye | At Risk | |
| Scottish Deerhound | Dog | as a purebred from early 19th century | Probably the Highlands | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| Shetland Sheepdog or Sheltie | Dog | 1700 | England, partly using shepherd dogs from Shetland of now extinct type. | Common | |
| Skye Terrier | Dog | pre 1588 | Skye | Vulnerable Native Breed | |
| West Highland White Terrier or Westie | Dog | mid 19th century | Skye & Argyll | Common | |
| Shetland Goose | Goose | ? | Shetland | UK and US - Priority; Critical | |
| Clydesdale | Horse | mid 18th century | Clydesdale | At Risk | |
| Eriskay Pony | Horse | Hebrides | Critical | ||
| Highland Pony | Horse | 16th century | Highlands and Islands | At Risk | |
| Shetland Pony | Horse | "For over 2000 years and probably much longer". | Shetland | Common | |
| Boreray or Hebridean Blackface | Sheep | 1930s | St Kilda, Scotland | Critical | |
| Castlemilk Moorit | Sheep | 1900s | Dumfriesshire, from more ancient Scottish and other breeds including Soay and Shetland. | Critical | |
| Cheviot | Sheep | 14th century or earlier | Scottish Borders | Common | |
| Hebridean Sheep | Sheep | 19th Century | Cumbria, probably from sheep from the Hebrides | Rare | |
| North Country Cheviot | Sheep | 18th century | Cheviot Hills, Caithness, Sutherland | UK and North America | |
| North Ronaldsay Sheep | Sheep | Iron Age | North Ronaldsay | Rare | |
| Scottish Blackface | Sheep | 16th century? | Scottish Borders | Common | |
| Shetland Sheep | Sheep | Iron Age | Shetland | UK and North America | |
| Soay Sheep | Sheep | Neolithic or Bronze Age | Soay, St Kilda | Rare |
Extinct breeds
Prior to their demise, the Paisley Terrier contributed to the bloodline of the Yorkshire Terrier and the Scottish Tan Face to the Boreray sheep. Although Galloway Ponies were praised by Gervaise Markham in the 17th century for their "fine shape, easie pace, pure metall and infinit toughness", true to form Samuel Johnson described them as "common hackneys". It shares its origins with the still extant Fell Pony. A model of the Grice, whose habit of attacking lambs cannot have aided its survival, was recreated by a taxidermist in 2006.| Breed | Species | Date of Origin | Location of Origin | Date of extinction |
| Paisley Terrier or Clydesdale Terrier | Dog | 19th century | Paisley, Clyde Valley | 20th century |
| Galloway Pony | Horse | 16th century or earlier | Galloway | post 1901 |
| Grice | Pig | Unknown | Highlands and Islands | c. 1930 |
| Scottish Dunface or Old Scottish Shortwool | Sheep | Iron Age | Highlands and Islands | late 19th century |