List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level

This page contains lists of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level.

Methodology

The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries.
Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group. Note that in Fearon's analysis, only groups containing over one percent of the country's population were considered. This limit made Papua New Guinea an interesting oddity; as none of its thousands of groups included more than one percent of the population, it was considered to have zero groups and thus have a perfect fractionalization score of 1.
The two lists have been described by Alesina and Ferrara as follows:

List based on Fearon's analysis

In the Fearon list, ethnic fractionalization is approximated by a measure of similarity between languages, varying from 1 = the population speaks two or more unrelated languages to 0 = the entire population speaks the same language. This index of cultural diversity is biased towards linguistic variations as opposed to genetic diversity and other variations.

Country	Ethnic Fractionalization Index	Cultural Diversity Index
	1.000	—
	0.953	0.564
	0.933	0.628
	0.930	0.647
	0.899	0.644
	0.887	0.733
	0.883	0.602
	0.880	0.530
	0.878	0.562
	0.861	0.192
	0.857	0.382
	0.852	0.601
	0.846	0.388
	0.829	0.294
	0.818	0.568
	0.812	0.290
	0.811	0.667
	0.805	0.660
	0.801	0.385
	0.791	0.511
	0.784	0.557
	0.780	0.195
	0.772	0.727
	0.766	0.522
	0.765	0.285
	0.764	0.548
	0.764	0.534
	0.760	0.562
	0.756	0.242
	0.754	0.590
	0.751	0.679
	0.743	0.662
	0.737	0.650
	0.727	0.402
	0.726	0.189
	0.724	0.589
	0.711	0.596
	0.708	0.698
	0.708	0.540
	0.704	0.354
	0.681	0.146
	0.679	0.624
	0.677	0.542
	0.669	0.542
	0.669	0.490
	0.664	0.620
	0.656	0.020
	0.655	0.480
	0.647	0.398
	0.647	0.380
	0.638	0.506
	0.637	0.600
	0.632	0.448
	0.625	0.272
	0.622	0.400
	0.620	0.460
	0.606	0.404
	0.605	0.518
	0.596	0.564
	0.596	0.499
	0.585	0.441
	0.581	0.235
	0.575	0.418
	0.575	0.392
	0.567	0.462
	0.566	0.553
	0.553	0.413
	0.551	0.460
	0.549	0.355
	0.549	0.020
	0.542	0.434
	0.535	0.432
	0.532	0.289
	0.526	0.246
	0.522	0.419
	0.513	0.492
	0.511	0.492
	0.510	0.401
	0.509	0.049
	0.507	0.168
	0.505	0.290
	0.502	0.263
	0.497	0.167
	0.493	0.493
	0.491	0.271
	0.490	0.404
	0.485	0.442
	0.483	0.020
	0.481	0.020
	0.479	0.360
	0.439	0.404
	0.431	0.431
	0.428	0.386
	0.419	0.258
	0.402	0.095
	0.392	0.328
	0.388	0.388
	0.387	0.000
	0.375	0.185
	0.372	0.228
	0.366	0.141
	0.363	0.363
	0.359	0.359
	0.351	0.161
	0.338	0.259
	0.333	0.311
	0.332	0.293
	0.328	0.040
	0.324	0.184
	0.322	0.064
	0.320	0.237
	0.300	0.265
	0.299	0.299
	0.299	0.250
	0.280	0.143
	0.274	0.169
	0.272	0.251
	0.272	0.227
	0.255	0.057
	0.255	0.000
	0.238	0.078
	0.233	0.210
	0.231	0.170
	0.223	0.141
	0.218	0.000
	0.213	0.020
	0.198	0.180
	0.189	0.189
	0.188	0.187
	0.186	0.185
	0.186	0.150
	0.185	0.167
	0.180	0.000
	0.171	0.157
	0.166	0.027
	0.164	0.000
	0.161	0.116
	0.154	0.154
	0.151	0.127
	0.149	0.147
	0.134	0.124
	0.132	0.132
	0.132	0.039
	0.128	0.128
	0.126	0.100
	0.098	0.098
	0.097	0.082
	0.095	0.090
	0.095	0.000
	0.078	0.078
	0.077	0.077
	0.059	0.050
	0.047	0.041
	0.040	0.040
	0.040	0.040
	0.039	0.033
	0.012	0.012
	0.004	0.004
	0.002	0.002

List based on Alesina et al's analysis

This list is based on the analysis of Alesina and others, they develop fractionalization scores based on ethnicity, religious and linguistic data directly from the Encyclopædia Britannica lists. This list is biased by how the Britannica chooses to list ethnic groups, but it does not make a judgement call on which identities are more salient than others. According to Patsiurko et al.

Country	Ethnic Fractionalization	Linguistic Fractionalization	Religious Fractionalization
	0.769300	0.614100	0.271700
	0.220400	0.039900	0.471900
	0.339400	0.442700	0.009100
	0.000000	0.173300	0.639500
	0.713900	0.684800	0.232600
	0.786700	0.787000	0.627600
	0.164300	0.106300	0.684000
	0.255000	0.061800	0.223600
	0.127200	0.129100	0.457600
	0.000000	0.388900	0.410700
	0.092900	0.334900	0.821100
	0.106800	0.152200	0.414600
	0.204700	0.205400	0.489900
	0.422800	0.185500	0.681500
	0.502100	0.434400	0.552800
	0.045400	0.092500	0.209000
	0.142300	0.092600	0.693400
	0.322200	0.466600	0.611600
	0.555400	0.540900	0.212700
	0.701500	0.630300	0.581300
	0.787200	0.790500	0.554400
	0.000000	0.000000	0.711200
	0.605000	0.605600	0.378700
	0.739600	0.224000	0.208500
	0.630000	0.675100	0.685100
	0.410200	0.411000	0.598600
	0.540800	0.046800	0.605400
	0.541600	0.343800	0.440400
	0.402100	0.303100	0.596500
	0.737700	0.722800	0.579800
	0.295100	0.297700	0.515800
	0.210500	0.210400	0.096500
	0.863500	0.889800	0.733800
	0.712400	0.577200	0.695800
	0.417400	0.000000	0.076600
	0.829500	0.833400	0.791600
	0.862000	0.863500	0.641100
	0.186100	0.187100	0.384100
	0.153800	0.132700	0.664300
	0.601400	0.019300	0.147800
	0.000000	0.010300	0.013700
	0.874700	0.870500	0.702100
	0.874700	0.687100	0.664200
	0.236800	0.048900	0.241000
	0.820400	0.784200	0.755100
	0.369000	0.076300	0.444700
	0.590800	0.000000	0.505900
	0.093900	0.396200	0.396200
	0.322200	0.323300	0.659100
	0.081900	0.104900	0.233300
	0.796200	0.655800	0.043500
	0.200300	0.000000	0.462800
	0.429400	0.039500	0.311800
	0.000000	0.526100	0.425400
	0.655000	0.130800	0.141700
	0.183600	0.023700	0.197900
	0.197800	0.000000	0.355900
	0.346700	0.322000	0.119500
	0.652400	0.653000	0.425300
	0.506200	0.494400	0.498500
	0.723500	0.807300	0.624900
	0.000000	0.000000	0.314700
	0.547900	0.547900	0.568200
	0.131500	0.141200	0.253100
	0.103200	0.122100	0.402900
	0.000000	0.115400	0.495900
	0.000000	0.607800	0.581300
	0.769000	0.782100	0.667400
	0.786400	0.807600	0.097000
	0.000000	0.010400	0.034200
	0.492300	0.474900	0.654300
	0.168200	0.164200	0.657100
	0.673300	0.673100	0.798700
	0.157600	0.030000	0.153000
	0.000000	0.218800	0.459200
	0.266100	0.000000	0.589800
	0.000000	0.093300	0.306900
	0.000000	0.732000	0.408200
	0.512200	0.458600	0.375300
	0.738900	0.772500	0.264900
	0.808200	0.814100	0.612800
	0.619500	0.068800	0.787600
	0.095000	0.000000	0.470400
	0.186700	0.055300	0.235700
	0.062000	0.212800	0.419100
	0.152200	0.029700	0.524400
	0.079800	0.082000	0.191300
	0.418200	0.806900	0.326000
	0.735100	0.768000	0.234000
	0.668400	0.746200	0.115200
	0.368900	0.369400	0.484400
	0.120600	0.031200	0.155000
	0.000000	0.000000	0.472900
	0.343600	0.552500	0.346900
	0.114500	0.114700	0.302700
	0.412900	0.109800	0.616000
	0.011900	0.017800	0.540600
	0.000000	0.000000	0.547900
	0.592600	0.039600	0.065900
	0.617100	0.662100	0.589800
	0.858800	0.886000	0.776500
	0.051100	0.023700	0.554100
	0.039200	0.002800	0.489100
	0.002000	0.002100	0.660400
	0.675200	0.594900	0.447000
	0.660400	0.344400	0.674500
	0.513900	0.638200	0.545300
	0.586700	0.579500	0.555600
	0.131400	0.131200	0.788600
	0.255000	0.254300	0.721100
	0.908400	0.903800	0.488300
	0.792000	0.075800	0.057000
	0.572600	0.224600	0.334300
	0.322300	0.321900	0.414100
	0.530200	0.644000	0.091100
	0.000000	0.251900	0.551100
	0.502300	0.502100	0.589900
	0.879100	0.020400	0.519100
	0.674400	0.602300	0.819200
	0.588000	0.597000	0.665700
	0.690600	0.838800	0.182000
	0.041400	0.090700	0.122300
	0.060300	0.073400	0.520700
	0.000000	0.000000	0.233600
	0.615000	0.326000	0.014900
	0.463400	0.454700	0.638500
	0.000000	0.721200	0.062000
	0.541800	0.151100	0.179600
	0.700500	0.748300	0.646900
	0.553500	0.553300	0.560300
	0.683800	0.730500	0.304700
	0.368200	0.373400	0.079900
	0.484100	0.468300	0.003500
	0.693200	0.812500	0.675900
	0.506200	0.507200	0.197400
	0.632900	0.700500	0.662600
	0.583200	0.616100	0.619400
	0.663200	0.716700	0.141700
	0.000000	0.250800	0.386600
	0.105400	0.514300	0.722200
	0.000000	0.663300	0.546200
	0.396900	0.165700	0.811000
	0.484400	0.047300	0.429000
	0.651800	0.651900	0.201300
	0.850500	0.831600	0.742100
	0.000000	0.775400	0.481100
	0.058600	0.067300	0.204800
	0.437300	0.356700	0.432200
	0.709800	0.719000	0.384800
	0.431200	0.315700	0.714700
	0.552800	0.387300	0.333800
	0.271800	0.352600	0.552300
	0.168900	0.597500	0.212300
	0.656600	0.335800	0.198800
	0.238500	0.836000	0.305600
	0.118300	0.046800	0.171200
	0.046800	0.019800	0.143800
	0.000000	0.035200	0.495200
	0.745600	0.480000	0.095000
	0.000000	0.157800	0.195200
	0.306900	0.172300	0.237300
	0.245200	0.248500	0.439800
	0.323800	0.000000	0.506600
	0.176900	0.316900	0.332000
	0.306600	0.017500	0.702800
	0.137600	0.011100	0.787100
	0.292700	0.000000	0.197500
	0.000000	0.232200	0.186600
	0.180000	0.094900	0.127000
	0.693900	0.708100	0.149700
	0.573600	0.000000	0.000000
	0.202500	0.160600	0.232300
	0.819100	0.763400	0.539500
	0.385700	0.383500	0.656100
	0.253900	0.255100	0.565500
	0.221600	0.220100	0.286800
	0.111000	0.525400	0.670800
	0.811700	0.032600	0.002800
	0.751700	0.865200	0.860300
	0.416500	0.413200	0.451400
	0.415000	0.464500	0.485300
	0.184200	0.000000	0.661400
	0.714700	0.719000	0.430700
	0.733200	0.331000	0.791000
	0.058200	0.172200	0.444400
	0.060000	0.196800	0.234200
	0.531400	0.544100	0.608300
	0.539900	0.181700	0.431000
	0.274400	0.502800	0.684500
	0.510700	0.547300	0.338600
	0.735300	0.898300	0.633400
	0.633800	0.634400	0.099400
	0.709900	0.898000	0.659600
	0.086900	0.378200	0.621400
	0.647500	0.125100	0.793600
	0.039400	0.012400	0.010400
	0.320000	0.221600	0.004900
	0.391800	0.398400	0.232700
	0.162900	0.137200	0.252400
	0.930200	0.922700	0.633200
	0.473700	0.474100	0.615700
	0.625200	0.487400	0.331000
	0.121100	0.053200	0.694400
	0.490100	0.564700	0.824100
	0.250400	0.081700	0.354800
	0.412500	0.412000	0.213300
	0.041300	0.579400	0.704400
	0.496600	0.068600	0.135000
	0.238300	0.237700	0.508000
	0.000000	0.314000	0.635900
	0.000000	0.143800	0.309500
	0.000000	0.008000	0.002300
	0.809200	0.606400	0.553000
	0.780800	0.873400	0.735900
	0.387400	0.447200	0.736300

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