List of additives for hydraulic fracturing


The differences between additives for hydraulic fracturing in different countries are the type of chemicals used, the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. In 2010, Halliburton announced the creation of food additive based hydraulic fracturing fluid in response to calls for transparency and demand for a "more environmentally friendly" unconventional hydrocarbon production.

Europe

In Europe, Poland, Norway and Germany have the largest reserves of shale gas, and drillings are underway.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the environmental regulator permits only chemical additives which are classed as non hazardous to groundwater for fracturing fluids. Operators are required to disclose the content of hydraulic fracturing fluids to the relevant environment agency while the composition must be disclosed if the regulator demands it. The permitted additives for hydraulic fracturing fluid include polycrylamide, hydrochloric acid and a biocide.
CAS NumberChemical ConstituentCommercial use
9003-05-8poly/PolyacrylamideEOR friction reducer
7647-01-0Hydrochloric acidPre-fracturing to clean perforations, water pH adjuster
14808-60-7Crystalline Silica Proppant
111-30-8GlutaraldehydeBiocide
7647-14-5Sodium ChlorideChem tracer
7727-37-9NitrogenWaterless hydraulic fracturing

United States

In the US, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid, in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 after originally being kept secret for "commercial reasons". The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or have been used in fracturing operations, as based on the report of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, some are known to be carcinogenic.
CAS NumberChemical ConstituentCommercial use
2634-33-51,2-Benzisothiazolin-2-one / 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
95-63-61,2,4-trimethylbenzeneAutomatic Transmission Sealer
123-91-11,4-DioxaneWood Parquet Adhesive
3452-07-11-eicoseneNo record
629-73-21-hexadeceneNo record
112-88-91-octadeceneNo record
1120-36-11-tetradeceneStain Remover
10222-01-22,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a biocideNo record
27776-21-22,2'-azobis--dihydrochlorideNo record
73003-80-22,2-DibromomalonamideNo record
15214-89-82-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid sodium salt polymerNo record
46830-22-22-acryloyloxyethyldimethylammonium chlorideNo record
52-51-72-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediolDeodorant, Conditioner
111-76-22-Butoxy ethanolEngine Cleaner
1113-55-92-Dibromo-3-Nitriloprionamide No record
104-76-72-Ethyl HexanolDiesel Fuel Treatment
67-63-02-Propanol / Isopropyl Alcohol / Isopropanol / Propan-2-olDamar Varnish, Gloss
26062-79-32-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-chloride, homopolymerVolumizing Conditioner
9003-03-62-propenoic acid, homopolymer, ammonium saltMoisturizer, Sunscreen
25987-30-82-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2 p-propenamide, sodium salt / Copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylateNo record
71050-62-92-Propenoic acid, polymer with sodium phosphinate No record
66019-18-92-propenoic acid, telomer with sodium hydrogen sulfiteNo record
107-19-72-Propyn-1-ol / Propargyl alcoholNo record
51229-78-83,5,7-Triaza-1-azoniatricyclodecane, 1--chloride,Clean Pressed Powder
115-19-53-methyl-1-butyn-3-olNo record
127087-87-04-Nonylphenol Polyethylene Glycol Ether Branched / Nonylphenol ethoxylated / Oxyalkylated PhenolChrome Wheel Cleaner
64-19-7Acetic acidSilicone Sealant
68442-62-6Acetic acid, hydroxy-, reaction products with triethanolamineNo record
108-24-7Acetic AnhydrideNo record
67-64-1AcetoneSolvent, Clear Finish Gloss
38193-60-1Acrylamide – sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate copolymerMoisture, Lotion
25085-02-3Acrylamide – Sodium Acrylate Copolymer or Anionic PolyacrylamideNo record
25987-30-82-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2-propenamide, sodium saltNo record
69418-26-4Acrylamide polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2oxy Ethanaminium chlorideNo record
15085−02-3 Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymerNo record
68551-12-2Alcohols, C12-C16, Ethoxylated Floor Cleaner, Stain Remover
64742-47-8Aliphatic Hydrocarbon / Hydrotreated light distillate / Petroleum Distillates / Isoparaffinic Solvent / Paraffin Solvent / Napthenic SolventTar Remover, Lubricant
64743-02-8AlkenesNo record
68439-57-6Alkyl olefin sulfonate, sodium saltCar Wash, Dog Shampoo
9016-45-9Alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactantsEngine Cleaner, Rubber Sealant
1327-41-9Aluminum chlorideAntiperspirant
73138-27-9Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, ethoxylatedNo record
71011-04-6Amines, Ditallow alkyl, ethoxylatedNo record
68551-33-7Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated, acetatesNo record
1336-21-6AmmoniaStripper, Glue, Tire Repair
631-61-8Ammonium acetateHaircolor Shine
68037-05-8Ammonium Alcohol Ether SulfateNo record
7783-20-2Ammonium bisulfateAnt Killer, Weed & Moss Control
10192-30-0Ammonium bisulfiteNo record
12125-02-9Ammonium chlorideBrass & Copper Polish, Bleach
7632-50-0Ammonium citrateNo record
37475-88-0Ammonium Cumene SulfonateNo record
1341-49-7Ammonium hydrogen-difluorideWheel Cleaner, Glass Etching
6484-52-2Ammonium nitrateMoisture Control, Ink Cartridge
7727-54-0Ammonium Persulfate / Diammonium peroxidisulphateLatex Paint, Maximizing Powder
1762-95-4Ammonium ThiocyanateLiquid Hide Glue
7664-41-7Aqueous ammoniaPaint Stripper, Caulk
121888-68-4Bentonite, benzyl dimethylammonium stearate complex / organophilic clayWine clearing agent, "Detox" Product
71-43-2BenzeneFuel System Cleaner, Degreaser
119345-04-9Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis, tetratpropylene derivatives, sulfonated, sodium saltsToilet Cleaner, Rust Neutralizer
74153-51-8Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-ethyl]-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamideNo record
10043-35-3Boric acidRoach Killer, Stain Remover
1303-86-2Boric oxide / Boric AnhydrideCarpenters Glue
71-36-3Butan-1-olInterior/Exterior Paint
68002-97-1C10 – C16 Ethoxylated AlcoholFloor Finish Remover, Degreaser
68131-39-5C12-15 Alcohol, EthoxylatedGraffiti Remover, Radiator Flush
10043-52-4Calcium chlorideChlorinating Sanitizer, Ice Melt
124-38-9Carbon dioxidePenetrant, Lubricator
68130-15-4Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guarNo record
9012-54-8Cellulase / Hemicellulase Enzyme
9004-34-6Cellulose
10049-04-4Chlorine dioxide
77-92-9Citric Acid
94266-47-4Citrus Terpenes
61789-40-0Cocamidopropyl betaine
68155-09-9Cocamidopropylamine Oxide
68424-94-2Coco-betaine
7758-98-7Copper sulfate
31726-34-8Crissanol A-55
14808-60-7Crystalline Silica
7447-39-4Cupric chloride dihydrate
1120-24-7Decyldimethyl Amine
2605-79-0Decyl-dimethyl Amine Oxide
3252-43-5Dibromoacetonitrile
25340-17-4Diethylbenzene
111-46-6Diethylene glycol
22042-96-2Diethylenetriamine penta sodium salt
28757-00-8Diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonic acid
68607-28-3Dimethylcocoamine, bis ether, diquaternary ammonium salt
7398-69-8Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
25265-71-8Dipropylene glycol
139-33-3Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate
5989-27-5D-Limonene
123-01-3Dodecylbenzene
27176-87-0Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid
42504-46-1Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine
50-70-4D-Sorbitol / Sorbitol
37288-54-3Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase, or Hemicellulase
149879-98-1Erucic Amidopropyl Dimethyl Betaine
89-65-6Erythorbic acid, anhydrous
54076-97-0Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2--, chloride, homopolymer
107-21−1 Ethane-1,2-diol / Ethylene Glycol
9002-93-1Ethoxylated 4-tert-octylphenol
68439-50-9Ethoxylated alcohol
126950-60-5Ethoxylated alcohol
67254-71-1Ethoxylated alcohol
68951-67-7Ethoxylated alcohol
68439-46-3Ethoxylated alcohol
66455-15-0Ethoxylated Alcohols
84133-50-6Ethoxylated Alcohols
68439-51-0Ethoxylated Alcohols
78330-21-9Ethoxylated branch alcohol
34398-01-1Ethoxylated C11 alcohol
61791-12-6Ethoxylated Castor Oil
61791-29-5Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco
61791-08-0Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco, reaction product with ethanolamine
68439-45-2Ethoxylated hexanol
9036-19-5Ethoxylated octylphenol
9005-67-8Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monostearate
9004-70-3Ethoxylated Sorbitan Trioleate
64-17-5Ethyl alcohol / ethanol
100-41-4Ethyl Benzene
97-64-3Ethyl lactate
9003-11-6Ethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol Copolymer
75-21-8Ethylene oxide
5877-42-9Ethyloctynol
68526-86-3Exxal 13
61790-12-3Fatty Acids
68188-40-9Fatty acids, tall oil reaction products w/ acetophenone, formaldehyde & thiourea
9043-30-5Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether surfactant
7705-08-0Ferric chloride
7782-63-0Ferrous sulfate, heptahydrate
50-00-0Formaldehyde
29316-47-0Formaldehyde polymer with 4,1,1-dimethylethyl phenolmethyl oxirane
153795-76-7Formaldehyde, polymers with branched 4-nonylphenol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide
75-12-7Formamide
64-18-6Formic acid
110-17-8Fumaric acid
65997-17-3Glassy calcium magnesium phosphate
111-30-8Glutaraldehyde
56-81-5Glycerol / glycerine
9000-30-0Guar Gum
64742-94-5Heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha
9025-56-3Hemicellulase
7647-01-0Hydrochloric Acid / Hydrogen Chloride / muriatic acidToilet Bowl Cleaner
7722-84-1Hydrogen peroxide
79-14-1Hydroxy acetic acid
35249-89-9Hydroxyacetic acid ammonium salt
9004-62-0Hydroxyethyl cellulose
5470-11-1Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
39421-75-5Hydroxypropyl guar
35674-56-7Isomeric Aromatic Ammonium Salt
64742-88-7Isoparaffinic Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Synthetic
64-63-0Isopropanol
98-82-8Isopropylbenzene
68909-80-8Isoquinoline, reaction products with benzyl chloride and quinoline
8008-20-6Kerosene
64742-81-0Kerosine, hydrodesulfurized
63-42-3Lactose
64742-95-6Light aromatic solvent naphtha
1120-21-4Light Paraffin Oil
14807-96-6Magnesium Silicate Hydrate
1184-78-7methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide
67-56-1Methanol
68891-11-2Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane, mono ether, branched
8052-41-3Mineral spirits / Stoddard Solvent
141-43-5Monoethanolamine
44992-01-0N,N,N-trimethyl-2oxy Ethanaminium chloride
64742-48-9Naphtha, hydrotreated heavy
91-20-3Naphthalene
38640-62-9Naphthalene bis
93-18-5Naphthalene, 2-ethoxy-
68909-18-2N-benzyl-alkyl-pyridinium chloride
68139-30-0N-Cocoamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylsulfobetaine
7727-37-9Nitrogen, Liquid form
68412-54-4Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate
121888-66-2Organophilic Clays
64742-65-0Petroleum Base Oil
64741-68-0Petroleum naphtha
70714-66-8Phosphonic acid, iminobis2,1-ethanediylnitrilobistetrakis-, ammonium salt
8000-41-7Pine Oil
60828-78-6Poly, a--w-hydroxy-
25322-68-3Poly, a-hydro-w-hydroxy / Polyethylene Glycol
24938-91-8Poly, α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-
51838-31-4Polyepichlorohydrin, trimethylamine quaternized
56449-46-8Polyethlene glycol oleate ester
62649-23-4Polymer with 2-propenoic acid and sodium 2-propenoate
9005-65-6Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate
61791-26-2Polyoxylated fatty amine salt
127-08-2Potassium acetate
12712-38-8Potassium borate
1332-77-0Potassium borate
20786-60-1Potassium Borate
584-08-7Potassium carbonate
7447-40-7Potassium chloride
590-29-4Potassium formate
1310-58-3Potassium Hydroxide
13709-94-9Potassium metaborate
24634-61-5Potassium sorbate
112926-00-8Precipitated silica / silica gel
57-55-6Propane-1,2-diol, or Propylene glycol
107-98-2Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
68953-58-2Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
62763-89-7Quinoline,2-methyl-, hydrochloride
15619-48-4Quinolinium, 1-,chloride
7631-86-9Silica, Dissolved
5324-84-5Sodium 1-octanesulfonate
127-09-3Sodium acetate
95371-16-7Sodium Alpha-olefin Sulfonate
532-32-1Sodium benzoate
144-55-8Sodium bicarbonate
7631-90-5Sodium bisulfate
7647-15-6Sodium bromide
497-19-8Sodium carbonate
7647-14-5Sodium Chloride
7758-19-2Sodium chlorite
3926-62-3Sodium chloroacetate
68-04-2Sodium citrate
6381-77-7Sodium erythorbate / isoascorbic acid, sodium salt
2836-32-0Sodium Glycolate
1310-73-2Sodium Hydroxide
7681-52-9Sodium hypochlorite
7775-19-1Sodium Metaborate.8H2O
10486-00-7Sodium perborate tetrahydrate
7775-27-1Sodium persulfate
9003-04-7Sodium polyacrylate
7757-82-6Sodium sulfate
1303-96-4Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
7772-98-7Sodium thiosulfate
1338-43-8Sorbitan Monooleate
57-50-1Sucrose
5329-14-6Sulfamic acid
112945-52-5Synthetic Amorphous / Pyrogenic Silica / Amorphous Silica
68155-20-4Tall Oil Fatty Acid Diethanolamine
8052-48-0Tallow fatty acids sodium salt
72480-70-7Tar bases, quinoline derivs., benzyl chloride-quaternized
68647-72-3Terpene and terpenoids
68956-56-9Terpene hydrocarbon byproducts
533-74-4Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione
55566-30-8Tetrakisphosphonium sulfate
75-57-0Tetramethyl ammonium chloride
64-02-8Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
68-11-1Thioglycolic acid
62-56-6Thiourea
68527-49-1Thiourea, polymer with formaldehyde and 1-phenylethanone
108-88-3Toluene
81741-28-8Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride
68299-02-5Triethanolamine hydroxyacetate
112-27-6Triethylene glycol
52624-57-4Trimethylolpropane, Ethoxylated, Propoxylated
150-38-9Trisodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
5064-31-3Trisodium Nitrilotriacetate
7601-54-9Trisodium orthophosphate
57-13-6Urea
25038-72-6Vinylidene Chloride/Methylacrylate Copolymer
7732-18-5WaterDeionized water
1330-20-7XyleneCarburetor Cleaner, Asphalt Primer
068604-95-5Aliphatic acidsWall & Trim Enamel
078330-20-8Aliphatic Ethoxylated AlcoholsLeather Cleaner
000000-33-9Alkyl aryl polyethoxy alcoholsCoppersmiths Polish
000000-17-6Alkylaryl SulfonateDetergent, Stain Remover
064742-47-8Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated lightTar Remover, Sealant
000110-43-0Methyl n-amyl & ethyl ketonesHobby Cement, Sealant
Oxyalkylated alkylphenol
Petroleum distillate blend
Polyethoxylated alkanol
Polymeric Hydrocarbons
Salt of amine-carbonyl condensate
Salt of fatty acid/polyamine reaction product
Sugar
Surfactant blend