List of Odonata species of Great Britain
There are 57 recorded species of Odonata in Britain, made up of 21 damselflies and 36 dragonflies. Of these, 42 species are resident breeders, and the remainder are either extinct species, or vagrants - in respect of the latter, this list follows the decisions of the Odonata Records Committee.
Some of these rare species have not been seen since the 19th Century; however, the British Odonata list is also currently undergoing a period of unprecedented change, as new species are being discovered for the first time, some going on to become breeding species.
This list is based on the following principal references:
- Merritt, R., N. W. Moore and B. C. Eversham, Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland, HMSO
- Parr, A. J., Dragonfly movement and migration in Britain and Ireland, Journal of the British Dragonfly Society Vol. 12 No. 2 pp. 33–50
- Parr, Adrian, An Annotated List of the Odonata of Britain and Ireland, Atropos No. 11 pp. 10–20
Ireland's Odonata fauna is quite different from that of Britain, with many fewer breeding species, but one additional species not found in Britain, Irish Damselfly Coenagrion lunulatum – see List of Odonata species of Ireland for more information.
New species since 1990
After a period in which the British Odonata list has been relatively static, since 1990, many new species have been found and some have gone on to become regular breeding species. In chronological order of their first record, these new species are:- Scarlet Dragonfly, first recorded at Hayle Kimbro Pool, The Lizard, Cornwall on 7 August 1995, with a small number of further records at scattered locations throughout Britain
- Banded Darter, recorded just once to date, near Tredegar, Monmouthshire on 16 August 1995, although a darter seen on 29 July 2003 at Hickling Broad, Norfolk, which had dark bands on its wings, may have been this species
- Lesser Emperor, first recorded at Cinderford, in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire on 13 June 1996 and now occurring annually; breeding evidence was found at Hayle Kimbro Pool and also at Bake Fishing Lakes, Cornwall in 1999, and the species appears to be resident at Dungeness, Kent
- Green Darner, first recorded at Penlee Battery, Cornwall on 9 September 1998 – the first record for Europe, with several other records in South West England that autumn, but none since to date
- Small Red-eyed Damselfly, first recorded in Essex on 17 July 1999 – now a well-established breeding species across much of southern England
- Southern Emerald Damselfly, first recorded at Winterton Dunes, Norfolk on 30 July 2002 ; in 2003 & 2004, the species was again seen here and at Sandwich Bay, Kent, but there have been no subsequent sightings at either location.
- Common Winter Damselfly, first recorded at Tonna, Neath in South Wales in December 2008.
- Yellow-spotted Emerald, first record at Carlton Marshes, Suffolk, in July 2018.
Extinct species and casual breeders
While most species on the list below are either extant established breeding species or rare vagrants, some do not fall into these two categories. The following species bred in the past but are now extinct:- Dainty Damselfly – only ever known from marshes along the Thames Estuary in Essex, first recorded in 1946, and last recorded in 1952. Rediscovered 2010.
- Norfolk Damselfly – only ever known from the Norfolk Broads between 1902 and 1957
- Orange-spotted Emerald – only ever known from two areas in southern England, one around the River Stour and Moors River in east Dorset, where the species was recorded from 1820 to 1963, and the other on the River Tamar in Devon where the species was recorded in 1946 only.
- Yellow-winged Darter – this species has a pattern of establishing small breeding colonies following influxes, but none of these have become permanently established
- Red-veined Darter – following influxes in previous years, this species, like Yellow-winged Darter, has formed temporary breeding colonies. However, since the mid-1990s, the number of these colonies has increased and many have continued to be present from year-to-year, so this species is now better regarded as a successful colonist.
Non-native introductions
The list
The list is in taxonomic order. The English name of each species is given, followed by its scientific name, details of the range countries for each breeding species, and an overall status code for species which are not long-established extant breeding species.The following abbreviations are used to give country-by-country distribution information for the breeding species:
- Eng to indicate that the species' breeding range includes England
- Scot to indicate that the species' breeding range includes Scotland
- Wales to indicate that the species' breeding range includes Wales
- Ex to indicate a former breeding species, now extinct in Britain
- RC to indicate that the species is a recent colonist
- V to indicate a species only recorded as a vagrant
Suborder Zygoptera (Damselflies)">Damselfly">Zygoptera (Damselflies)
Family [Calopterygidae] (Demoiselles)
Species | Scientific Name | Range Countries | Status Code |
Banded Demoiselle | Calopteryx splendens | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Beautiful Demoiselle | Calopteryx virgo | Eng/Scot/Wales |
Family [Lestidae] (Emerald damselflies)
Family [Coenagrionidae] (Blue, blue-tailed & red damselflies)
Species | Scientific Name | Range Countries | Status Code |
Small Red Damselfly | Ceriagrion tenellum | Eng/Wales | |
Norfolk Damselfly | Coenagrion armatum | Ex | |
Northern Damselfly | Coenagrion hastulatum | Scot | |
Southern Damselfly | Coenagrion mercuriale | Eng/Wales | |
Azure Damselfly | Coenagrion puella | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Variable Damselfly | Coenagrion pulchellum | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Dainty Damselfly | Coenagrion scitulum | Eng | RC |
Common Blue Damselfly | Enallagma cyathigerum | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Red-eyed Damselfly | Erythromma najas | Eng/Wales | |
Small Red-eyed Damselfly | Erythromma viridulum | Eng | RC |
Blue-tailed Damselfly | Ischnura elegans | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Scarce Blue-tailed Damselfly | Ischnura pumilio | Eng/Wales | |
Large Red Damselfly | Pyrrhosoma nymphula | Eng/Scot/Wales |
Family [Platycnemididae] (White-legged damselflies)
Suborder Anisoptera (Dragonflies)">Dragonfly">Anisoptera (Dragonflies)
Family [Gomphidae] (Club-tailed Dragonflies)
Family [Aeshnidae] (Hawkers and Emperors)
Species | Scientific Name | Range Countries | Status Code |
Southern Hawker | Aeshna cyanea | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Brown Hawker | Aeshna grandis | Eng/Wales | |
Norfolk Hawker | Aeshna isosceles | Eng | |
Azure Hawker | Aeshna caerulea | Scot | |
Common Hawker | Aeshna juncea | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Migrant Hawker | Aeshna mixta | Eng/Wales | |
Southern Migrant Hawker | Aeshna affinis | V ?RC | |
Emperor | Anax imperator | Eng/Wales | |
Lesser Emperor | Anax parthenope | Eng | RC |
Green Darner | Anax junius | V | |
Hairy Dragonfly | Brachytron pratense | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Vagrant Emperor | Hemianax ephippiger | V |
Family [Cordulegastridae] (Golden-ringed Dragonflies)
Species | Scientific Name | Range Countries | Status Code |
Golden-ringed Dragonfly | Cordulegaster boltonii | Eng/Scot/Wales |
Family [Corduliidae] (Emerald dragonflies)
Family [Libellulidae] (Chasers, Skimmers and Darters)
Species | Scientific Name | Range Countries | Status Code |
Broad-bodied Chaser | Libellula depressa | Eng/Wales | |
Scarce Chaser | Libellula fulva | Eng | |
Four-spotted Chaser | Libellula quadrimaculata | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Black-tailed Skimmer | Orthetrum cancellatum | Eng/Wales | |
Keeled Skimmer | Orthetrum coerulescens | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Scarlet Dragonfly | Crocothemis erythraea | V | |
Black Darter | Sympetrum danae | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Yellow-winged Darter | Sympetrum flaveolum | V | |
Red-veined Darter | Sympetrum fonscolombei | Eng | RC |
Ruddy Darter | Sympetrum sanguineum | Eng/Wales | |
Common Darter | Sympetrum striolatum | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Highland Darter | Sympetrum striolatum nigrescens | Scot | |
Vagrant Darter | Sympetrum vulgatum | V | |
Banded Darter | Sympetrum pedemontanum | V | |
White-faced Darter | Leucorrhinia dubia | Eng/Scot/Wales | |
Large White-faced Darter | Leucorrhinia pectoralis | V | |
Wandering Glider | Pantala flavescens | V |
Rejected species, species of uncertain provenance, predictions and Channel Islands species
1. The following species have been claimed but not accepted by the Odonata Records Committee:2. The following species have been recorded, and their identification accepted, but the circumstances surrounding the records and/or specimens cast doubt on their natural occurrence, and they are not included in the official British list:
3. The following is a list of species which have previously been predicted to occur in Britain but have not yet been recorded : Subarctic Hawker Aeshna subarctica, Northern White-faced Darter Leucorrhina rubicunda and Small Emerald Damselfly Lestes virens.
4. In addition to the species listed above, Southern Skimmer Orthetrum brunneum and Southern Darter Sympetrum meridionale have been recorded in the Channel Islands.