List of Latin-script trigraphs


A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script, most of these used especially in Irish orthography.

A

is used in Dutch to write the sound.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants, or an unstressed at the end of a word.
is used in Irish to write the sound between a broad and a slender consonant.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used in French to write the sound .
is used in French to write the sound . It also represents in Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written än.
is used in Irish to write the sound between broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound between a broad and a slender consonant.
is used in French to write the sound .
is used in French to write the sound.
is used in a few words in French to write the sound.
is used in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the strident vowel.
in English aye-aye

B

is used in Irish, like the digraph bh, to write the sounds and.

C

is used in Breton in order to represent the sound. It should not be confused with ch, which represents in Breton the sound.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.
is used in Eskayan romanised orthography for the sound .
is used in Quechua and romanizations of Indic languages to write the sound.
is used in Corsican to write the sound.
Initial is pronounced in southern dialects of the Welsh language as /w/.
was used in medieval Czech for.
was used in the Tindall orthography of Khoehkoe for the dental affricated click.
represents a sound between vowels in Italian.

D

is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced aspirated affricate.
is used in the Dene Suline language for the dental affricate.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is not used within roots, where may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *. Examples are eddze, lopóddzon.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced uvularized affricate.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used to write the sound in English transcriptions of the Polish digraph .
is used to write the foreign sound in German. A common variant is the tetragraph dsch. It is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced aspirated affricate.
is used in Norwegian to write foreign loan words with the sound. Sometimes the digraph dj is used.
is used in Naro to write the voiced palatal click.
is used to write the sound in English transcriptions of the Russian digraph. In the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the prevoiced affricate.
in Polish orthography represents whenever it precedes a vowel, and whenever it precedes a consonant, and is considered a graphic variant of the digraph dź appearing in other situations.
is used in the Hungarian to write the voiced palato-alveolar affricate.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced uvularized affricate.
is used in the Shona language to write the whistled sibilant affricate.

E

is used in Irish to write the sound between slender consonants, or in French to write the sound after.
is used in Irish to write the sound between slender consonants.
is used in French to write the sound and it is a word itself meaning "water".
is used in French to write the sound .
is used in Irish to write the sound between slender consonants.
is used in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the strident vowel.
is used in Afrikaans to represent.

G

is used in French to write the sound in words such as vergeüre.
is used in Hadza for ejective.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound
is used in Corsican to write the sound.
is used in the Dene Suline language for a labialized velar/uvular. In Canadian Tlingit it represents, which in Alaska is written.
is used in Italian to write the sound before a vowel other than.
is used in Talossan language as an /ŋn/.
is used in French to write the sound in a few words such as châtaignier.
and are used in French to write the sound at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix -e, such as aiguë "sharp" and ambiguë "ambiguous". In the French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional be changed to.
is used in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the prevoiced affricate.
are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced aspirated clicks,.
are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate ejective-contour clicks,.
are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate pulmonic-contour clicks,.

H

is used in the Dene Suline language for a labialized velar/uvular.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.

I

is used in Irish to write an unstressed sound at the ends of words.
represents in Afrikaans.
is used in Irish to write an unstressed sound at the ends of words. Igh might also be considered a trigraph for the diphthong in English. It differs from the vowel letter followed by the silent digraph in that the vowel is always "long", as in light vs. lit, for example.
is used in a few French words to write the sound such as oignon "onion" and encoignure "corner". It was eliminated in the French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used.
is used in the ijekavian reflex of Serbo-Croatian for or.
is used to write the sound in Breton.
is used in French to write the sound, as in épouiller.
is used in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the strident vowel.
is used in Irish to write the sound between slender consonants.

J–L

is used in Cantonese Jyutping romanization to write the sound, as in the name Jyutping itself. The digraph represents.
is used in the Ossete Latin alphabet to write the sound.
is used in Canadian Tlingit to write the sound, which in Alaska is written.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in Purépecha for.
is a common convention for.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in French to write the sound after in a few words, such as coquillier.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.
is used for in Arrernte.

N

is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound. In Xhosa is represents.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used in the Swahili language to write the sound. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.
is used in some African orthographies for, a prenasalised .
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used to represent the sound, as in English finger, in several languages such as Filipino and Malay that use for .
is used in Vietnamese for the velar nasal consonant, before the letters,, and. It was previously considered a single letter, but is not currently. In Welsh, it represents a voiceless velar nasal. In Xhosa, represents a murmured velar nasal.
is used in Gogo for voiceless.
is used in Yanyuwa to represent a back velar stop,.
is used in Yélî Dnye of Papua New Guinea to represent doubly articulated.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used for in Bouyei and Standard Zhuang.
is or in the orthographies of several languages.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in some African orthographies for, a prenasalized.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the prenasalized alveolar click.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the prenasalized lateral click.
is used in Inuktitut and Greenlandic to write a long velar nasal,.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used to write the click in Naro.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound. In the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop,.
is used in Cypriot Arabic for.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound. In Malagasy and in Cypriot Arabic, it represents.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound. In Gogo it's voiceless.
is used in Yanyuwa to represent a pre-velar stop,.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in the Shona language to write the prenasalized whistled sibilant.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the alveolar murmured nasal click.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the dental murmured nasal click.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the lateral murmured nasal click.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the palatal murmured nasal click.

O

is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used to write in Afrikaans.
is used to write in Afrikaans.
is that represents a Walloon nasal vowel.
is used in the Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of Lombard to write the sounds and.
is used in Irish to write the sound, or in Donegal,, between broad consonants.
is used in French to write the sound . In Tibetan Pinyin, it represents and is alternately written ön.
is used in Irish to write the sound between broad consonants.
is used in Irish to write the sound between broad consonants.
is used in Dutch and Afrikaans to write the sound.
is in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the strident vowel.

P–R

is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in Soninke for.
is used in Kuanua, in a word meaning water.
is used for in Silesian.
was used in the Tindall orthography of Khoehkoe for the alveolar affricated click.
was used in Scots orthography in place of English wh#quh|.
is in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the affricate.
is used in Swedish to write the sje sound in the word gärdsgård /'jæɧgo:ɖ/.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in Yanyuwa to represent a retroflex stop,.
is used in Inuktitut to represent a sequence of uvular nasal followed by velar nasal,.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used to write the sound in words of Greek derivation such as diarrhea.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used in Swedish to write the sje sound in the word marskalk /'maɧalk/.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used for in Arrernte.

S

is used in German to represent. It was also used in medieval Polish orthography. It is used in Swedish, always pronounced as a sje sound /ɧ/, when that sound occurs at the end of a French loanword, for example marsch, or when that sound appears in a small number of Greek loanwords, such as schema and ischias. In Middle English, was the most common spelling for this sound, replacing earlier of Old English; it was replaced in turn by in Modern English. Most words with in Modern English are based on Latin orthography, where the is. An exception is the word , where the English pronunciation of is or, depending on dialect.
is used in Italian to write the sound before the non-front vowel letters,,.
is used in Corsican to write the sound before,, and.
is used in Bolivian dialects of Quechua to write the sound.
represents a fricative phoneme in some Scandinavian languages. In Faroese ) and in Norwegian it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative. In Swedish it is often realised as the sje sound.
is used in English to write the sound in words such as mission. It is used in a few French loanwords in Swedish, pronounced as a sje sound /ɧ/, for example assiett.
is used in a few words in Swedish to write the sje sound between two short vowels, such as hässja.
is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced before a consonant, as in isthme and asthme; in American English, it is pronounced in isthmus and in asthma.
is used in five words in Swedish to write the sje sound ; it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative or the consonant cluster in Norwegian depending on dialect.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.
and are used in Piedmontese for the sequence.
and are used in Piedmontese for the sequence.

T

is used to write the click in Naro.
is used to write the aspirated click in Naro, the aspirated affricate in Sandawe, Hadza and Juǀʼhoan, and the affricate in French and Portuguese. In Swedish it is used for the affricate -sound in a small number of English loanwords, such as match and batch. In English it is a variant of the digraph, used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph for.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the uvularized affricate.
and are used for in Arrernte.
is used in Xhosa to write the sound. It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used to write the sound in languages such as Tswana, and is also a significant sound in the fictional Klingon language from Star Trek, even treating this trigraph's sound as a single "letter".
and are used for in Arrernte.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used for in Arrernte.
is used to write the sound in Naro.
is used in various languages, such as Juǀʼhoan, for the aspirated affricate. In the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, it represents the sound. In Xhosa, it may be used to write,, or, though it is sometimes limited to, with and distinguished as and.
is used in Dutch and Norwegian to write the sound.
is used in the Shona language to write the whistled sibilant affricate.
is used in Juǀʼhoan for the uvularized affricate.
is used in the Seneca language as one way to write or . It is the only Seneca trigraph, and the same phoneme can also be transcribed simply as j.
is used in Cantonese romanization to write the syllable.
is used in the Dene Suline language for dental affricate.
is used in the Haida language for ejective.
is used in the Haida language for ejective.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.
is used in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, where it represents the sound.
is used in the Xhosa language to write the sound.
is used for in Arrernte.

U–W

is used in French to write the sound.
is used in Irish to write the sound between broad consonants.
is used in the practical orthography of the Taa language, where it represents the strident vowel.
is used in Central Alaskan Yup'ik to write the sound.
was used in the Tindall orthography of Khoehkoe for the palatal affricated click.

X–Z

is used in Canadian Tlingit to write the sound, which in Alaska is written.
was used in the Tindall orthography of Khoekhoe for the lateral affricated click.
is a long Hungarian,. It is collated as rather than as. It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence.

Other

is used in Kabiye to write, a pre-nasalized.
are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four aspirated nasal clicks,.
are used in Khoekhoe for its four plain aspirated clicks,.