List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1975

1975 U.S. and Canadian Fellows

• Edward Ostrander Abbey, deceased. Fiction.
• Claus Adam, deceased. Music Composition.
• Ai, poet; Professor of English, Oklahoma State University. Appointed as Ogawa, Pelorhankhe Ai L'heah.
• Richard D. Altick, Regents' Professor Emeritus of English, The Ohio State University.
• Takeshi Amemiya, Professor of Economics, Stanford University.
• Guy Irving Anderson, deceased. Fine Arts.
• Richard Lewis Arnowitt, Professor of Physics, Northeastern University.
• Joseph H. Aronson, architectural designer and graphic artist, Highmont, New York.
• Robert Jeffrey Art, Christian A. Herter Professor of Internal Relations, Brandeis University.
• Nina Baym, Jubilee Professor of English, Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
• Jeffery Francis Beardsall, artist.
• Wayne Marvin Becker, Professor of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
• Wayne E. Begley, Professor of Indian and Islamic Art History, University of Iowa.
• Marvin Hartley Bell, poet; Flannery O'Connor Professor of Letters, University of Iowa.
• Nuel D. Belnap, Professor of Philosophy Sociology, and History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh.
• Dan Ben-Amos, Professor of Folklore & Folklife, University of Pennsylvania.
• Reinhard Bendix, deceased. Political Science.
• Lynda Benglis, artist, New York City.
• Billy Al Bengston, artist, Venice, California.
• Stephen James Benkovic, Evan Pugh Professor of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University.
• Arthur Victor Berger, composer; Irving G. Fine Professor Emeritus of Music, Brandeis University; Member of the Faculty, New England Conservatory.
• Toby Berger, Irwin and Joan Jacob Professor of Engineering, Cornell University.
• Natvar Bhavsar, artist, New York City.
• Sheila Biddle, historian, New York City.
• Allan David Bloom, deceased. Political Science.
• Carol K. Blum, Research Professor of Humanities, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
• George Herbert Borts, George S. and Nancy B. Parker Professor of Economics, Brown University.
• Stanley Boxer, artist, Ancramdale, New York.
• Kathleen Weil-Garris Brandt, Professor of Fine Arts, New York University. Appointed as Weil-Garris, Kathleen. Applied as Posner, Kathleen Weil-Garris.
• David A. Brant, Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine.
• Timothy Hall Breen, William Smith Mason Professor of American History, Northwestern University.
• Joan Wanda Bresnan, Professor of Linguistics, Stanford University.
• David Ross Brillinger, Professor of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley: 1975, 1982.
• Malcolm J. Brown, Professor of English, University of Washington.
• Trisha Brown, choreographer; artistic director, Trisha Brown Dance Company, New York City: 1975, 1984.
• Virginia Brown, senior fellow, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto.
• Don Spencer Browning, Alexander Campbell Professor of Ethics and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago Divinity School.
• John D. Buenker, Professor of History and Ethnic Studies, University of Wisconsin–Parkside.
• Richard Williams Bulliet, Professor of History, Columbia University.
• Fritz Bultman, deceased. Fine Arts.
• Matei Alexe Calinescu, Professor of Comparative Literature and West European Studies, Indiana University.
• Peter Campus, artist, New York City.
• Marjorie C. Caserio, Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of California, San Diego.
• Jonathan David Casper, Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University.
• Kai Lai Chung, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Stanford University.
• Aaron V. Cicourel, Professor of Cognitive Science, Pediatrics and Sociology, University of California, San Diego.
• Herbert Horace Clark, Professor of Psychology, Stanford University.
• Martha Clarke, choreographer and theatre artist, Sherman, Connecticut: 1975, 1988.
• John Louis Edwin Clubbe, Emeritus Professor of English, University of Kentucky.
• Harold Clurman, deceased. Theatre Arts: 1975, 1979.
• Bruce Cole, Distinguished Professor of Fine Arts, Indiana University.
• Jonathan R. Cole, Provost, Columbia University.
• Paul J. Coleman, Jr., Professor of Space Physics; Director, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles.
• William Arthur Coles, Professor of Electrical Engineering, UCSD.
• Richard J. Colwell, Professor of Music, University of Michigan.
• Bruce Guldner Conner, artist, San Francisco, California.
• Philip E. Converse, retired president, director, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California.
• Henry S. F. Cooper Jr. Writer, New York City.
• James W. Corbett, deceased. Physics.
• Lewis A. Coser, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
• Milton Curtis Cummings Jr., Professor of Political Science, Johns Hopkins University.
• Leopold Damrosch Jr., Ernest Bernbaum Professor of English and American Literature, Harvard University.
• John H. D'Arms, President, American Council of Learned Societies.
• Paul A. David, Professor of Economics and William Robertson Coe Professor of American Economic History, Stanford University.
• L. J. Davis, writer, Brooklyn, New York.
• Douglas Turner Day, III, deceased. Commonwealth Professor of English, University of Virginia.
• Paul Delany, Professor of English, Simon Fraser University.
• Bryce Seligman DeWitt, Jane and Roland Blumberg Professor of Physics, University of Texas at Austin.
• Paul Diamond, photographer, Brooklyn, New York.
• John Patrick Diggins, Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate School, CUNY.
• Norman Thomas di Giovanni, writer and translator, England.
• William Franklin Dove, George Streisinger Professor of Experimental Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
• José C. Durand, deceased. Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, University of California, Berkeley.
• James Louis Dye, University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Michigan State University: 1975, 1990.
• Mel Eugene Edwards, artist; Professor of Visual Art, Livingston College, Rutgers University.
• Milton Ehre, Professor of Russian Literature, University of Chicago.
• Ernest L. Eliel, William Rand Kenan, Jr., Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: 1975, 1983.
• Edward Earle Ellis, deceased, Research Professor Emeritus of Theology, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas.
• Ruth Snodgrass El Saffar, deceased. Spanish & Portuguese Literature.
• Robert Porter Erickson, Douglas S. Holsclaw Professor of Human Genetics & Metabolic Diseases, University of Arizona.
• Wallace Gary Ernst, Professor of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University.
• Norma Evenson, Professor Emeritus of Architectural History, University of California, Berkeley.
• Peter Paul Everwine, poet; Professor of English, California State University, Fresno.
• Ronald Lyman Fair, writer, Vantaa, Finland.
• Donald Fanger, deceased. Slavic Literature.
• Herbert Federer, Florence Pierce Grant University Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Brown University.
• Jackie Ferrara, artist, New York City.
• Robert Kaul Finn, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University.
• Stanley Martin Flatté, Professor of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz.
• Eric Foner, DeWitt Clinton Professor of History, Columbia University.
• Richard Foreman, playwright; Artistic Director, Ontological-Hysteric Theater, New York City.
• Kenneth Brian Frampton, Ware Professor of Architecture, Columbia University.
• Bernard Joel Frieden, Associate Dean, Ford Professor of Urban Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
• John Friedmann, Professor Emeritus of Planning, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Rose Epstein Frisch, Associate Professor Emerita of Population Sciences, Harvard University School of Public Health
• William Cecil Gardiner Jr., Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin.
• Sidney Geist, artist; Lecturer in Art, Vassar College; Instructor in Sculpture, New York Studio School.
• Dante L. Germino, Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia.
• Alan Gewirth, Edward Carson Waller Distinguished Service Professor of Philosophy, University of Chicago.
• Laura Gilpin, deceased. Photography.
• Mirra Ginsburg, translator, editor, and anthologist, New York City.
• Robert Glaser, University Professor of Psychology and Education and Director Emeritus, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh.
• Louise Glück, poet, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Preston S. Parish '41 Third Century Lecturer in English, Williams College: 1975, 1987.
• Gail K. Godwin, writer, Woodstock, New York.
• Frank William Gohlke, photographer, Southborough, Massachusetts: 1975, 1984.
• Alvin Ira Goldman, Regents' Professor of Philosophy, University of Arizona.
• Brian Erich Goode, Professor of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
• Leslie David Gottlieb, Professor of Genetics, University of California, Davis.
• Peter Leonard Gourfain, artist, Brooklyn, New York.
• Ernest Grunwald, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, Brandeis University.
• Charles Vernon Hamilton, Wallace S. Sayre Professor Emeritus of Government, Columbia University.
• Harriett Bloker Hawkins, deceased. Senior Research Fellow, Linacue College, Oxford.
• Robert F. Heinecken, photographer, Chicago, Illinois; Emeritus Professor of Art, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Josephine Gattuso Hendin, Professor of English, New York University.
• John B. Henneman Jr, deceased. History Bibliographer, Princeton University.
• Heinrich Dieter Holland, Harry C. Dudley Professor of Economic Geology, Harvard University.
• Anne Hollander, writer, New York City.
• David J. Hooson, Professor of Geography and Dean of Social Sciences, University of California, Berkeley.
• James Richard Houck, Kenneth A. Wallace Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University.
• Wu-Chung Hsiang, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton University.
• Ray Huang, scholar, New Paltz, New York.
• Michael Craig Hudson, Professor of International Relations and Government; Seif Ghobash Professor of Arab Studies, Georgetown University.
• Richard Norman Hunt, deceased. German & East European History.
• Albert F. Innaurato, playwright, New York City.
• Glynn Llywelyn Isaac, deceased. Anthropology.
• Ellen Hulda Elizabeth Johnson, deceased. Fine Arts Research.
• George McTurnan Kahin, A. L. Binenkorb Professor Emeritus of International Studies and Professor of Government, Cornell University.
• Emil Thomas Kaiser, deceased. Chemistry.
• Aristodimos Kaldis, deceased. Fine Arts: 1975, 1977.
• Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Class of 1960 Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University.
• Justin Kaplan, writer, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Walter Bernard Karp, deceased. General Nonfiction.
• Nicholas M. Katz, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton University: 1975, 1987.
• Peter Bain Kenen, Ph.D. Walker Professor of Economics and International Finance, Princeton University.
• David M. Kennedy, Donald J. McLachlan Professor of History, Stanford University.
• Edith Kern, Doris Silbert Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature, Smith College.
• Lewis Martin Killian, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
• Martin Luther Kilson, Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government, Harvard University.
• Abraham Klein, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania.
• Philip Kolb, deceased. French Literature.
• Aileen S. Kraditor, Professor Emeritus of History, Boston University.
• Masatake Kuranishi, Professor of Mathematics, Columbia University.
• Robin T. Lakoff, Professor of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley.
• Gerd Neustadter La Mar, Director, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility; Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Davis.
• Joseph P. LaSalle, deceased. Applied Science.
• Steven Lattimore, Associate Professor of Classics and Classical Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Erastus Henry Lee, The Rosalind and John J. Redfern, Jr, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering and of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University; Redfern Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
• Peter H. Lee, Professor of Korean and Comparative Literature, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Arthur Allen Leff, Deceased. Law.
• Michael Lekakis, Deceased. Fine Arts.
• William E. Leuchtenburg, William Rand Kenan Professor of History, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
• Brian Paul Levack, John Green Regents Professor of History, University of Texas at Austin.
• Donald A. Levin, Professor of Botany, University of Texas at Austin.
• Baruch Abraham Levine, Skirball Professor of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, New York University.
• Leon Levinstein, deceased. Photography.
• Donald Harris Levy, Professor of Chemistry, University of Chicago.
• Norman Wilfred Lewis, deceased. Fine Arts-Painting.
• Philip Magdalany, deceased. Drama.
• George Malko, screenwriter, New York City.
• Stephen A. Marglin, Walter S. Barker Professor of Economics, Harvard University.
• Arthur Francis Marotti, Professor of English, Wayne State University.
• Kenneth R. Maxwell, Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies, and Director, Latin American Program, Council on Foreign Relations, New York City.
• Robert A. McCaughey, Professor of History, Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of the Faculty, Barnard College, Columbia University.
• Richard Alan McCray, George Gamow Distinguished Professor of Astrophysics, University of Colorado.
• Sally McLendon, Professor of Anthropology, Hunter College and Graduate Center, City University of New York.
• Donald A. McQuarrie, Retired Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Davis.
• Clement Lyon Meadmore, artist.
• William Meredith, poet; Henry B. Plant Professor Emeritus of English, Connecticut College.
• H. C. Erik Midelfort, Professor of History, University of Virginia.
• Jan Miel, Emeritus Professor of Letters and Romance Languages and Literatures, Wesleyan University.
• David H. Miles, Associate Professor of German and Member of the Center for Advanced Studies, University of Virginia.
• William Hughes Miller, Kenneth S. Pitzer Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley.
• Frederick Milstein, Professor of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara.
• Roger Edward Mitchell, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire.
• Francis Peter Mouris, filmmaker, Nassau, New York.
• John Emery Murdoch, deceased. Professor of the History of Science, Harvard University.
• Bruce Churchill Murray, Professor of Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology.
• Bernard Quinn Nietschmann, deceased. Geography.
• Anthony Richard Oberschall, Professor of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
• Tillie Olsen, writer, Berkeley, California.
• John William O'Malley, Distinguished Professor of Church History, Weston School of Theology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Alfonso Alex Ortiz, deceased. Anthropology.
• George Frederick Oster, Professor of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley.
• John Milan Palka, Professor of Zoology, University of Washington.
• Roy Harvey Pearce, Professor of American Literature, University of California, San Diego.
• John Richard Perry, Henry Waldgrave Stuart Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University.
• Tommy L. Phillips, Professor of Plant Biology and Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
• Philip Alan Pincus, Professor of Engineering Materials and Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara.
• David Edwin Pingree, Professor of the History of Mathematics, Brown University.
• Michael P. Predmore, Professor of Spanish, Stanford University.
• David Rabinowitch, artist, New York City.
• Dabbala Rajagopal Reddy, Professor of Computer Science, Director of The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University.
• Ishmael Scott Reed, writer, Oakland, California; senior lecturer, University of California-Berkeley.
• Robert C. Richardson, F. R. Newman Professor of Physics, Cornell University: 1975, 1982.
• Joseph Neill Riddel, deceased. American Literature.
• Stephen Alan Ross, Franco Modigliani Professor of Economics and Finance, Yale University.
• Richard Hunter Rouse, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles.
• Margit Ruth Rowell, Curator of Special Projects, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain.
• Lloyd Irving Rudolph, deceased. Professor of Political Science and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago.
• Robert D. Sack. Professor of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
• Jun John Sakurai, deceased. Physicist.
• Jack R. Salamanca, writer, Professor of English, University of Maryland.
• Nora Sayre, writer, New York City.
• Richard Schechner, Theatre Director; University Professor and Professor of Performance Studies, New York University.
• Robert Tod Schimke, American Cancer Society Research Professor of Biology, Stanford University.
• Thayer Scudder, Professor of Anthropology, California Institute of Technology.
• John Rogers Searle, Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley.
• Gino Claudio Segrè, Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania.
• Leon Eugene Seltzer, deceased. Law and Bibliography.
• Allen I. Selverston, Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of California, San Diego.
• Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health & Human Services, U.S. Government.
• Susan Sheehan, writer, Washington, D.C.
• Richard M. Shiffrin, Luther Dana Waterman Professor of Psychology, Indiana University.
• Stephen Shore, photographer; Susan Weber Soros Professor in the Arts, Bard College.
• James F. Short Jr., Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Director, Social Research Center, Washington State University.
• Joseph Ivor Silk, Associate Professor of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley.
• Bennett Simon, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
• Pril Smiley, composer; retired director, Columbia University Electronic Music Center, New York.
• Hamilton O. Smith, Professor of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
• Peter H. Smith, Professor of Political Science; Simon Bolivar Professor of Latin American Studies, University of California, San Diego.
• Paul Michael Sniderman, Professor of Political Science, Stanford University.
• Robert R. Sokal, Distinguished Professor of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stoney Brook: 1975, 1983.
• Otto Thomas Solbrig, Bussey Professor of Biology, Harvard University.
• Andrew Michael Spence, Dean, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University.
• Alan B. Spitzer, Professor Emeritus of History, University of Iowa.
• Franklin William Stahl, American Cancer Society Research Professor of Molecular Genetics, University of Oregon: 1975, 1985.
• Kurt Stone, Deceased. Music editor.
• Michelle Stuart, Artist, New York City.
• Morton Subotnick, composer; Member of the Faculty, School of Music, California Institute of the Arts.
• Muttaiya Sundaralingam, Professor, Ohio Eminent Scholar, Ohio State University.
• Dana F. Sutton, Professor of Classics, University of California, Irvine.
• Marc Jerome Swartz, Professor of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego.
• Robert Lee Switzer, Sid Richardson Foundation Regents Chair, Professor of Physics, University of Texas at Austin.
• Wilson Hon-Chung Tang, Professor and Associate Head of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
• Leonardo Tarán, Jay Professor of Greek and Latin Languages, Columbia University.
• Lewis G. Tilney, Robert Strausz-Hupé Term Professor of Biology, University of Pennsylvania.
• Marvin Torffield, artist, New York City.
• Stephen Edelston Toulmin, Henry R. Luce Professor of Philosophy, University of Southern California.
• Teddy Gene Traylor, deceased. Chemistry.
• William M. Tuttle Jr., Professor of History and American Studies, University of Kansas.
• Geerat J. Vermeij, Professor of Geology, University of California, Davis.
• Linda C. Wagner-Martin, Hanes Professor of English, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Appointed as Wagner, Linda C.
• Michael Walzer, Professor and Permanent Member, School of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton: 1975.
• Harold Wesley Watts, Emeritus Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Columbia University: 1975.
• William George Wegman, Artist, New York City: 1975, 1987.
• Jeffrey George Weiss, playwright, New York City.
• William Wertenbaker, writer, Greens Farms, Connecticut.
• Norman Keith Wessells, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of Oregon.
• Kern Wildenthal, President and Professor of Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas.
• Lawrence Wilets, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Washington.
• Joy Williams, Writer, Tucson, Arizona.
• Kenneth L. Williamson, Mary E. Woolley Professor of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College.
• Edward O. Wilson, Frank B. Baird, Jr., Professor of Science and Curator in Entomology, Harvard University.
• Fred Huffman Wilt, Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Berkeley.
• Andrew Wojcicki, Professor of Chemistry, Ohio State University: 1975.
• Eugene K. Wolf, Class of 1965 Term Professor of Music, University of Pennsylvania: 1975.
• Peter H. Wood, Associate Professor of History, Duke University.
• William Barry Wood, Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado.
• Charles Penzel Wright Jr., poet, Souder Family Professor of English, University of Virginia.
• Robert Milton Young, filmmaker, Los Angeles, California.

  1975 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows

• Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón, Deceased. Professor of Philosophy and Law, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina: 1975.
• Manuel Alvarez Bravo, photographer, Mexico City.
• Guillermo Araya-Goubet, deceased. Spanish Literature.
• Enrique Bacigalupo, lawyer, Madrid, Spain.
• Mario Costa Barberena, Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
• Eugenio Bulygin, Professor of Jurisprudence, National University of La Plata; Associate Professor of the Philosophy of Law, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• Samuel Claro-Valdes, deceased. Professor of Musicology, Catholic University of Chile.
• Germán Colmenares, Professor of History, University of Valle, Cali, Colombia.
• Felipe Ehrenberg Enriquez, artist, Mexico, D.F..
• Ezequiel Luis Gallo, research historian, Torcuato Di Tella Institute, Buenos Aires; Senior Researcher, University of Belgrano, Buenos Aires.
• Alberto Juajibioy Chindoy, curator, University Museum, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
• Luc-Toni Kuhn Martin, filmmaker, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
• Ana Maria Martirena-Mantel, Professor of International Economics, University of Buenos Aires; Senior Economist, Center for Economic Research, Torcuato di Tella Institute, Buenos Aires.
• Lorena Mirambell, President, Council of Archaeology; Chairman, Department of Prehistory, National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
• Jaime Alberto Moguilevsky, Professor of Physiology, University of Buenos Aires Medical School.
• Edgar Negret, sculptor, Bogotá, Colombia.
• Sergio Machado Rezende, Professor of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
• Domingo M. Rivarola, Director, Paraguayan Center for Sociological Studies, Asuncion.
• Catalina A. Rotunno, Director, Department of Biophysics, Albert Einstein Center of Medical Research, Buenos Aires.
• Gustavo Sainz, writer; Professor of Spanish, Indiana University.
• Severo Sarduy, deceased. Fiction.
• Aron Simis, Professor of Mathematics, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
• Carlos Bruno Suárez, Career Investigator, National Research Council of Argentina; Assistant Professor of Physics, National University of La Plata.
• Héctor N. Torres, Professor of Molecular Biology, University of Buenos Aires; Director, INGEBI-CONICET; Career Scientist, National Research Council, Argentina.
• Ivany Ferraz Marques Válio, Professor of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Brazil.
• José J. Villamil, Professor of Planning, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedra.