List of Formula One constructors

The following is a list of Formula One constructors. In Formula One motor racing, constructors are people or corporate entities which design key parts of Formula One cars that have competed or are intended to compete in the FIA World Championship. Since 1981, it has been a requirement that each competitor must have the exclusive rights to the use of certain key parts of their car – in 2018, these parts were the survival cell, the front impact structure, the roll structures and bodywork.

Terminology: constructors vs. teams

In Formula One racing the terms "constructor" and "entrant" have specific and differing meanings. An entrant is the person or corporate entity that registers a car and driver for a race, and is then responsible for preparing and maintaining that car during the race weekend. As a result of this preparation role and active involvement in the running of the race, the term "team" has become commonly applied to an entrant organisation.

Constructors

Under Article 6.3 of the FIA Sporting Regulations, "A constructor is the person which designs the Listed Parts set out in Appendix 6. The make of an engine or chassis is the name attributed to it by its constructor." These "listed parts" include the survival cell, the front impact structure, the roll structures and bodywork. However, if the chassis and engine are made by different entities, the constructor comprises both, with the name of the chassis constructor being placed before that of the engine constructor. As both engine and chassis are included in the constructor name, chassis run with different engines are counted as two separate constructors and score points separately.
Under article 6.2 of the FIA sporting regulations, "The title of Formula One World Champion Constructor will be awarded to the competitor which has scored the highest number of points". Up until the season, most seasons saw only the highest-scoring driver in each race for each constructor contributing points towards the World Constructors' Championship, but the current rules state that points from both cars entered by each constructor will count towards their championship total.

Teams

Since the season the FIA have required that Formula One entrants own the intellectual rights to the chassis that they enter, and so the terms "entrant" and "constructor", and hence also "team", have become synonymous.
Before this time, constructors were free to sell their chassis to as many other teams as they liked. Brabham and Lotus chassis were used extensively by other teams during the 1960s and 1970s and several quite competitive teams never built their own chassis. Rob Walker Racing Team was the most successful example, being responsible for the first victories in Formula One for both Cooper and Lotus. The concept of a "works" or "factory" team therefore applied to chassis in the same way as it does in rallying and sports car racing.
There have been some recent exceptions where a specialist company, not itself entered in the championship, has been commissioned to design and build a chassis for a team; Lola built cars for Larrousse and Scuderia Italia in the late 1980s and early 1990s, for example. Larousse had their points from the season erased after the FIA decided that they had falsely nominated themselves and not Lola as the chassis constructor. In, the new Arrows team which had been established by former Shadow personnel was sued by Shadow on the grounds that the Arrows FA/1 car was a copy of Shadow's DN9 – a view upheld by the UK High Court, which placed a ban on Arrows racing the FA/1.
There have been more recent cases with Ligier, Sauber, Scuderia Toro Rosso and Super Aguri where teams have been accused of using a chassis produced by another constructor. No action was taken against any of these teams, the sporting authorities being satisfied in each case that the team owned the intellectual property to the chassis they raced.
From the middle of the season until the end of the season, each team had permanent racing numbers from race to race throughout the season. Between and the numbers were based on the teams' finishing positions in the 1973 Constructors' Championship and each team only changed numbers if they had the driver who had won the World Drivers' Championship in the previous season - the winning driver taking the number 1 and his teammate the number 2, and the team that had previously had those numbers switching to the newly-vacated ones. Between and the numbers were based on the teams' finishing positions in the Constructors' Championship from the previous season, with numbers 1-2 assigned to the defending champion and his teammate. During the period of 1974-1995 Tyrrell was the only team to keep the same numbers every season. Since, racing numbers have been assigned to drivers instead of teams.
The number of cars entered by one team into a single race was not strictly limited in the 1950s and early 1960s. Since the season teams were generally allowed to enter only two regular cars, with the third car reserved for an occasional driver. Entering more than three cars was exceptionally tolerated, most notably regarding the BRM team in the and seasons. However, lots of teams during this period entered only two cars, e.g. Ferrari have entered no more than two cars every season since. Since the season the FIA have required that teams enter no more than two cars for a race.

Team's nationality

who are required to compete in the FIA Formula One World Championship under the nationality of their passport, the FIA's International Sporting Code states that teams competing in the FIA Formula One World Championship shall compete under the nationality of their parent National Automobile Club that issued their FIA racing licence. On the basis of this regulation, despite the fact that most current teams are based in the UK, this country is officially represented in Formula One only by teams holding a racing licence issued by the British National Sporting Authority. Teams take the nationality of their parent National Automobile Club that issued their licence for the period of validity of that licence and the change of the nationality is allowed. Several teams changed their nationality during their competition in Formula One, some of them even twice. Benetton is the only team to have achieved victories while racing under two different nationalities. Before the arrival of sponsorship liveries in team's nationality determined the colour of a car entered by the team; thus, Italian teams' cars were rosso corsa red, French were bleu de France blue, and British were British racing green.
Relating to the team's nationality because of teams' bases in Britain several mistakes occurred on official entry lists issued by or podium ceremonies organized by the FIA or race organisers, e.g. Wolf holding the Canadian nationality and Shadow and Penske holding the American nationality all identified as the British by official entry lists, or the British national anthem played on the podium in honour of the winning Jordan and Red Bull holding the Irish and Austrian nationality respectively.

2020 constructors

Key:

Constructor	Engine	Licensed in	Based in	Seasons	Races Entered	Races Started	Drivers	Total Entries	Wins	Points	Poles	FL	Podiums	WCC	WDC		Antecedent teams
Alfa Romeo	Ferrari			–, –, –present			20	285						0	2	1950 British	Sauber , / BMW Sauber
AlphaTauri	Honda			–present			2	6						0	0	2020 Austrian	, Toro Rosso
Ferrari	Ferrari						80	2120						16	15	1950 Monaco
Haas	Ferrari			–present			3	172						0	0	2016 Australian
McLaren	Renault			–present			50	1809						8	12	1966 Monaco
Mercedes	Mercedes			–, –present			11	438						6	8	1954 French
Racing Point	BWT Mercedes			–present			2	48						0	0	2019 Australian	,,
Red Bull	Honda			–present			10	578						4	4	2005 Australian
Renault	Renault			–, –, –present			26	760						2	2	1977 British
Williams	Mercedes			–present			43	1365						9	7	1978 Argentine

Former constructors

Key:

Constructor	Licensed in	Seasons	Races Entered	Races Started	Drivers	Total Entries	Wins	Points	Poles	FL	Podiums	WCC	WDC	First Grand Prix	Last Grand Prix
Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau		–	4	4	6	9	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1952 Swiss	1953 Italian
Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives		–	80	32	10	124	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1986 Italian	1991 Monaco
Alta		–	5	5	4	6	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1950 British	1952 British
Amon			4	1	2	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1974 Spanish	1974 Italian
Andrea Moda			12	1	4	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1992 S. African	1992 Italian
Apollon			5	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1977 Italian	1977 Italian
Arrows		–	394	383	36	783	0	167	1	0	8	0	0	1978 Brazilian	2002 German
Arzani-Volpini			1	0	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1955 Italian	1955 Italian
Aston Butterworth			4	1	2	4	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1952 Belgian	1952 Italian
Aston Martin		–	6	5	3	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1959 Dutch	1960 British
Automobili Turismo e Sport			5	5	2	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1963 Belgian	1963 Mexican
ATS		–	107	89	15	146	0	7	0	0	0	0	0	1978 Argentine	1984 Portuguese
British American Racing		–	118	116	7	236	0	227	2	0	15	0	0	1999 Australian	2005 Chinese
Behra-Porsche		–	4	2	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1960 Argentine	1960 Monaco
Bellasi		–	6	2	1	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1970 Dutch	1971 Italian
Benetton	/	–	260	260	17	520	27	851.5	15	36	102	1	2	1986 Brazilian	2001 Japanese
Boro		–	8	6	4	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1976 Spanish	1977 Italian
Brabham		–, –	403	394	39	995	35	843	39	42	124	2	4	1962 German	1992 Hungarian
Brawn GP			17	17	2	34	8	172	5	4	15	1	1	2009 Australian	2009 Abu Dhabi
British Racing Motors		, –	208	197	71	559	17	385	11	15	61	1	1	1951 British	1977 Italian
British Racing Partnership		–	13	13	2	19	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	1963 Belgian	1964 Mexican
Bugatti			1	1	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1956 French	1956 French
Caterham			56	56	8	112	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2012 Australian	2014 Abu Dhabi
Cisitalia			1	0	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1952 Italian	1952 Italian
Coloni		–	65	13	8	81	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1987 Italian	1991 Australian
Connaught		–	18	17	29	52	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1952 British	1959 United States
Connew			2	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1972 British	1972 Austrian
Cooper Car Company		, –	129	129	111	528	16	301	11	14	58	2	2	1950 Monaco	1969 Monaco
Dallara		–	80	78	6	144	0	15	0	0	2	0	0	1988 Brazilian	1992 Australian
Derrington-Francis			1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1964 Italian	1964 Italian
Peter de Klerk		,	2	2	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1963 South African	1965 South African
De Tomaso		–,	15	10	8	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1961 French	1970 United States
Eagle		–	26	26	7	35	1	17	0	2	2	0	0	1966 Belgian	1969 Canadian
Eifelland			8	8	1	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1972 South African	1972 Austrian
Emeryson		, –	6	4	6	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1956 British	1962 Italian
Eisenacher Motorenwerk			1	1	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1953 German	1953 German
Ecurie Nationale Belge			1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1962 German	1962 German
Ensign		–	134	98	25	154	0	19	0	1	0	0	0	1973 French	1982 Caesars Palace
English Racing Automobiles		–	7	7	7	12	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1950 British	1952 Dutch
EuroBrun	/	–	46	15	5	76	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1988 Brazilian	1990 Spanish
Ferguson Research Ltd.			1	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1961 British	1961 British
FIRST			1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	–
Fittipaldi Automotive		–	120	103	8	156	0	44	0	0	3	0	0	1975 Argentine	1982 Caesars Palace
Fondmetal		–	29	19	4	42	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1991 United States	1992 Italian
Force India			9	9	2	18	0	52	0	0	0	0	0	2018 Belgian	2018 Abu Dhabi
Force India		–	203	203	7	406	0	987	1	5	6	0	0	2008 Australian	2018 Hungarian
Forti		–	28	23	4	54	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1995 Brazilian	1996 British
Frank Williams Racing Cars		–	61	56	25	112	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	1972 British	1976 Japanese
Frazer-Nash			4	4	2	4	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1952 Swiss	1952 Dutch
Fry			1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1959 British	1959 British
Gilby Engineering		–	6	3	2	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1961 British	1963 Italian
Gordini		–	33	33	23	101	0	n/a	0	1	2	n/a	0	1952 Swiss	1956 Italian
Greifzu			1	1	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1953 German	1953 German
Hesketh		–	60	52	15	97	1	48	0	1	7	0	0	1974 South African	1978 Belgian
Hill			11	10	6	21	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1975 South African	1975 United States
HRT		–	58	56	8	116	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2010 Bahrain	2012 Brazilian
Honda		– –	88	88	8	154	3	154	2	2	9	0	0	1964 German	2008 Brazilian
HWM		–	16	14	15	48	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1951 Swiss	1955 Monaco
Jaguar		–	85	85	8	170	0	49	0	0	2	0	0	2000 Australian	2004 Brazilian
JBW		–	6	5	1	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1959 British	1961 Italian
Jordan		–	250	250	30	500	4	291	2	2	19	0	0	1991 United States	2005 Chinese
Kauhsen			2	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1979 Spanish	1979 Belgian
Klenk			1	1	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1954 German	1954 German
Kojima		–	2	2	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1976 Japanese	1977 Japanese
Kurtis			12	12	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1959 United States	1959 United States
Lambo			16	6	2	32	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1991 United States	1991 Australian
Lancia		–	4	4	4	10	0	n/a	2	1	1	n/a	0	1954 Spanish	1955 Belgian
Larrousse		–	32	32	7	64	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	1993 South African	1994 Australian
LDS		–,, –	5	5	3	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1962 South African	1968 South African
LEC			5	3	1	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1977 Spanish	1977 British
Leyton House		–	32	30	3	64	0	8	0	0	1	0	0	1990 United States	1991 Australian
Life			14	0	2	14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1990 United States	1990 Spanish
Ligier		–	332	326	28	612	9	388	9	10	50	0	0	1976 Brazilian	1996 Japanese
Lola		–, –, –, –,,	152	146	27	280	0	45	1	0	3	0	0	1962 Dutch	1997 Australian
Lotus		–	491	489	122	1332	79	1332	107	70	172	7	6	1958 Monaco	1994 Australian
Lotus		–	38	38	3	76	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2010 Bahrain	2011 Brazilian
Lotus		–	77	77	5	154	2	706	0	5	25	0	0	2012 Australian	2015 Abu Dhabi
Lyncar		–	2	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1974 British	1975 British
Maki		–	8	0	3	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1974 British	1976 Japanese
Manor			21	21	3	42	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2016 Australian	2016 Abu Dhabi
March		–, –, –,	208	197	54	579	3	172.5	5	7	21	0	0	1970 South African	1992 Australian
Martini			9	4	1	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1978 South African	1978 Dutch
Marussia	/	–	74	73	7	144	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	2012 Australian	2015 Abu Dhabi
Maserati		–	71	68	93	407	9	9	10	17	37	0	2	1950 British	1960 United States
Matra		–	61	61	5	117	9	163	4	12	21	1	1	1967 Monaco	1972 United States
MBM			1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1961 German	1961 German
McGuire			1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1977 British	1977 British
Merzario		–	31	10	3	32	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1978 Argentine	1979 United States
Midland			18	18	2	36	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2006 Bahrain	2006 Brazilian
Milano			1	0	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1950 Italian	1950 Italian
Minardi		–	346	340	42	676	0	38	0	0	0	0	0	1985 Brazilian	2005 Chinese
Onyx		–	26	17	6	52	0	6	0	0	1	0	0	1989 Brazilian	1990 Hungarian
O.S.C.A.		–,	7	4	5	11	0	0	0	0	0	0		1951 Italian	1958 Monaco
Osella		–	172	132	17	253	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	1980 Argentine	1990 Australian
Pacific		–	33	22	5	66	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1994 Brazilian	1995 Australian
Parnelli		–	16	16	1	16	0	6	0	1	0	0	0	1974 Canadian	1976 US West
Penske		–	41	40	7	46	1	23	0	0	3	0	0	1974 Canadian	1977 Canadian
Porsche		–	36	33	13	75	1	46	1	0	5	0	0	1957 German	1964 German
Prost		–	83	83	9	166	0	35	0	0	3	0	0	1997 Australian	2001 Japanese
RAM		–	44	31	8	73	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1983 Brazilian	1985 European
RE			1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1965 South African	1965 South African
Rebaque			3	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1979 Italian	1979 United States
Rial		–	32	21	6	48	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	1988 Brazilian	1989 Australian
Sauber/BMW Sauber	/	–	465	462	30	902	1	865	1	5	26	0	0	1993 South African	2018 Abu Dhabi
Scarab			5	2	4	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1960 Monaco	1960 United States
Scirocco		–	7	5	3	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1963 Belgian	1964 German
Shadow	/	–	112	103	21	240	1	67.5	3	2	7	0	0	1973 South African	1980 French
Shannon			1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1966 British	1966 British
Simca-Gordini		–	15	14	11	29	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1950 Monaco	1953 Belgian
Simtek		–	21	21	7	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1994 Brazilian	1995 Monaco
Spirit		–	25	23	3	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1983 British	1985 San Marino
Spyker			17	17	4	34	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2007 Australian	2007 Brazilian
Stebro			1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1963 United States	1963 United States
Stewart		–	49	49	4	98	1	47	1	0	5	0	0	1997 Australian	1999 Japanese
Super Aguri		–	39	39	5	39	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	2006 Bahrain	2008 Spanish
Surtees		–	119	118	38	260	0	53	0	3	2	0	0	1970 British	1978 Canadian
SVA			1	0	1	1	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1950 Swiss	1950 Swiss
Talbot-Lago		–	13	13	18	81	0	n/a	0	0	2	n/a	0	1950 British	1951 Spanish
Tec-Mec			1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1959 United States	1959 United States
Tecno		–	12	10	3	14	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1972 Belgian	1973 Austrian
Theodore		, –	51	34	10	64	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1978 Argentine	1983 European
Token			4	3	3	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1974 Belgian	1974 Austrian
Toleman		–	70	53	9	131	0	26	1	2	3	0	0	1981 San Marino	1985 Australian
Toro Rosso		–	268	268	14	536	1	500	1	1	3	0	0	2006 Bahrain	2019 Abu Dhabi
Toyota		–	140	139	9	276	0	278.5	3	3	13	0	0	2002 Australian	2009 Abu Dhabi
Trojan			8	6	1	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1974 Spanish	1974 Italian
Tyrrell		–	433	430	47	884	23	617	14	20	77	1	2	1970 Canadian	1998 Japanese
Vanwall		–	29	28	12	66	9	48	7	6	13	1	0	1954 British	1960 French
Venturi			16	16	2	32	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1992 South African	1992 Australian
Veritas		–	6	6	15	18	0	n/a	0	0	0	n/a	0	1951 Swiss	1953 German
Virgin	/	–	38	38	3	76	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2010 Bahrain	2011 Brazilian
Wolf		–	48	47	4	54	3	79	1	2	13	0	0	1977 Argentine	1979 United States
Zakspeed		–	74	54	7	136	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1985 Portuguese	1989 Australian
Constructor	Licensed in	Seasons	Races Entered	Races Started	Drivers	Total Entries	Wins	Points	Poles	FL	Podiums	WCC	WDC	First Grand Prix	Last Grand Prix

Note: Until every constructor was licensed in the country where it was really based. In 1965 Japanese constructor Honda moved their team from Tokyo to Amsterdam, Netherlands, followed in by American constructor Eagle which was based in Rye, East Sussex, UK. Since the early 2000s most constructors have been based in the United Kingdom, but licensed in another country.

Indianapolis 500 only

Constructors whose only World Championship participation was in the Indianapolis 500 from 1950 to 1960. All were American-based and licensed.

Privateer teams

The following are privateer teams which never built their own chassis, and thus were not "constructors":

Privateer teams by number of wins

Privateer team	Number of wins	First win	Last win	Constructor
Matra International/Tyrrell Racing	10	1968 Dutch Grand Prix	1970 Spanish Grand Prix	Matra, March*
Rob Walker Racing	9	1958 Argentine Grand Prix	1968 British Grand Prix	Cooper, Lotus
FISA	1	1961 French Grand Prix***	1961 French Grand Prix	Ferrari

* All constructor's wins
** First win for the constructor
*** Team's only championship race

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