Martin has been an author or editor of 7 books. Her first book, the 1992 publication Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions, studies the necessary conditions for international economic sanctions to be successful. Kenneth A. Rodman wrote that Coercive Cooperation was "an important book that ought to be consulted by all serious students of international cooperation and economic statecraft", summarizing its central conclusions as demonstrating "that institutions matter and that leadership cannot be exercised 'on the cheap.'" Martin's second book, Democratic Commitments: Legislatures and International Cooperation, was published in 2000. Contrary to the orthodoxy that international affairs are too anarchic to be meaningfully affected by the internal politics of democratic states, Martin demonstrated that the legislatures of stable democracies can increase the credibility of the commitments made by states to one another, which fosters international cooperation. Michael Tierney summarized the contribution of Democratic Commitments by writing: "when you finish reading this book, you will be convinced that legislatures have a surprisingly large and measurable impact on the probability of interstate cooperation involving established democracies". Comparing Martin's first and second books, Tierney wrote that "while Coercive Cooperation sought to identify the systemic sources of credibility, Democratic Commitments explores the domestic institutional sources of credibility." Martin has also been an author or an editor of two textbooks, including International Institutions: An International Organization Reader, and the editor of several volumes on international affairs, such as the Oxford Handbook of the Politics of International Trade. She has also published several widely cited articles, such as "The Promise of Institutionalist Theory" in International Security with Robert Keohane, and "Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions" in International Organization with Beth A. Simmons. A 2019 citation analysis by the political scientists Hannah June Kim and Bernard Grofman listed Martin as one of the top 40 most cited women working as a political scientist at an American university. Martin has been a member of the editorial board of several major political science journals, including the American Journal of Political Science and the Journal of Politics. Martin was named a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowin 1999.