The Inscription from Henchir Mettich details the tenancy agreement for colonitenant farmers on the Fundus Villae Magnae Variane. The content of the translation runs as follows: 1. Preamble - Identifies Licinius Maximus and Felicior as the procurators who oversaw the establishment at Henchir-Mettich. 2. Authorisation to cultivate subseciva - Allows unusused land on this Imperial estate to be brought under cultivation under the following agreement. 3. Assessment of share rents - Tenants will pay rents in kind according to their own judgement. 4. Rents of subseciva - Rents are one third total crop of wheat, barley, wine and olive oil. Additional rents include one quarter or one fifth of beans and of honey if over five hives are owned. 5. Penalties - Beehives cannot be moved from the estate onto free land in order to avoid rent. 6. Incentives - No rents are charged on newly planted vines and figs for the first five years, and newly planted olive trees for the first ten years. 7. Grazing - An annual fee of 4 asses is payable per animal grazing on the land. 8. Damage - Avoidable damage to other tenants' crops is paid for by the offender. 9. Bequesting - Land under tenancy can be bequeathed to an heir in a legally binding contract. This clause intends to promote generational farming of the same land and thus further investment. 10. Confiscation - Land neglected and un-cultivated for two consecutive years will be reclaimed by the landlord. 11. Labour Services - In addition to rents, each tenant must supply two consecutive days labour for ploughing and two for harvesting, on top of a day supervising the livestock. Labour services could be seconded to slaves or retainers of the tenants.
Sharecropping
Subsistence farming for a family of six in the ancient world requires three hectares of land to provide crops and enough seed for the next year, though to include a one third payment to a landlord requires cultivation of at least five hectares of land. Sharecropping forces the colonii to cultivate their land with more effort to attain a minimum level of income than they would otherwise have to supply. It also allows the farmer to pass some of the risks involved in farming onto the landlord as a poor crop would mean lower rents.
